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CHAPTER 4 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK Tableau 6: Interaction of SOLIDARITY and POWER (SOLIDARITY 22 POWER) Candidates FAITH | PERSPECTIVE | SOLIDARITY | FACE | POWER — (a) “I’ve tried to call you several times, but... Minden rendben?” (b) Tve tried to call you several times, but ... Is everything all right?’ #1 The next example [19] shows how Solidarity and Face interact with each other in the Hungarian-English data. Example [19] — The interaction of SOLIDARITY and FACE (and POWER) 1 A “Köszi szepen, M. Ha esetleg at tudnad rendezni a funkciökat ...” (Thanks very much, M. If you could maybe re-organize the functions we) (cited by Bhatt and Bolonyai and Bhatt)'*? In this utterance, the professor makes a request to her graduate student. Making a request involves face-work, and in order not to lose face, the professor should retain her superior position, her authority in the situation. As English is the official language of their cooperation, the professor’s potential switch to English would function as a means of avoiding face-threat by retaining a superior position. As such, the switch to English would comply with the constraint of Face and Power as well. However, the professor opts for making the request in Hungarian, in their language of shared ethnicity, the language of solidarity. By complying with the constraint of Solidarity, the professor demonstrates that she makes a request to her student on the shared platform of Hungarian ethnicity rather than from the superior position of a professor. The monolingual candidate, hence, the lack of code-switch, which is the actual surface representation complies with Solidarity but violates Face and Power. The monolingual candidate violates two constraints, while the English codeswitch only one, however, the monolingual candidate violates the lower ranked constraints. As violating a higher ranked constraint is lethal, the monolingual candidate ends up as the optimal choice in this utterance. In sum, Solidarity outranks Face and Power. 189 Bhatt — Bolonyai, Ibid., 540 + 74 +
