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CHAPTER 4 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
Tableau 6: Interaction of SOLIDARITY and POWER (SOLIDARITY 22 POWER)
Candidates FAITH | PERSPECTIVE | SOLIDARITY | FACE | POWER
— (a) “I’ve tried to
call you several times,
but... Minden rend¬
ben?”
(b) Tve tried to call
you several times, but
... Is everything all
right?’
#1
The next example [19] shows how Solidarity and Face interact with each other
in the Hungarian-English data.
Example [19] — The interaction of SOLIDARITY and FACE (and POWER)
1 A “Köszi szepen, M. Ha esetleg at tudnad rendezni a funkciökat ...”
(Thanks very much, M. If you could maybe re-organize the functions
we)
(cited by Bhatt and Bolonyai and Bhatt)'*?
In this utterance, the professor makes a request to her graduate student.
Making a request involves face-work, and in order not to lose face, the professor
should retain her superior position, her authority in the situation. As English
is the official language of their cooperation, the professor’s potential switch
to English would function as a means of avoiding face-threat by retaining
a superior position. As such, the switch to English would comply with the
constraint of Face and Power as well. However, the professor opts for making
the request in Hungarian, in their language of shared ethnicity, the language
of solidarity. By complying with the constraint of Solidarity, the professor
demonstrates that she makes a request to her student on the shared platform
of Hungarian ethnicity rather than from the superior position of a professor.
The monolingual candidate, hence, the lack of code-switch, which is the actual
surface representation complies with Solidarity but violates Face and Power.
The monolingual candidate violates two constraints, while the English code¬
switch only one, however, the monolingual candidate violates the lower ranked
constraints. As violating a higher ranked constraint is lethal, the monolingual
candidate ends up as the optimal choice in this utterance. In sum, Solidarity
outranks Face and Power.
189 Bhatt — Bolonyai, Ibid., 540
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