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3.3.3. New Zealand legislation 65
3.3.4. Law of Colombia 66
3.3.5. Proposal for the Protection of Hawaiian River Basins 67
3.3.6. A Symbolic Campaign: Protecting Iceland’s Glaciers,
Raising Awareness of Climate Change 68
3.3.6. Proposal for the Protection of the St. Lawrence River in Quebec 69
3.4. Emergence of the Concept at the Level of Local Legislation 70
3.4.1. Local Ordinance Level Example 70
3.4.2. Federal Decision Regulation 71
3.4.3. The Mar Menor Act 71
3.5. Appearance of the Concept in Court Decisions 72
3.5.1. The Bangladesh Example 72
3.5.2. The Indian Example 73
3.5.3. Colombian Example 75
3.5.4. The Spanish Landfill and Coastal Lagoon Case 76
3.5.5. Grounds for the German Diesel Emissions Judgment 76
3.5.6. Argentinian Example 77
3.5.7. The Peruvian Case 78
3.5.8. Pakistani Example 79
3.5.9. Ecuadorian “Milestone” 80
4. Common Features of the Emergence of the Concept of the Rights of Nature 82
4.1. Representation 82
4.2. Multipolar Conflict 83
5. Related Work of the United Nation 84
6. The Relationship Between the Concept of the Rights of Nature
and the Legal Environment of the European Union 87
6.1. Key Principles of EU Environmental Law 88
6.1.1. Sustainable Development: A Core Principle 88
6.1.2. The Precautionary and Preventive Principles 89
6.1.3. The Subsidiarity Principle 90
6.1.4. Principle of Cooperation 91
6.1.5. The Principle of Public Participation 92
6.2. EU Environmental Law and the Rights of Nature 94
6.2.1. Analysis of the EESC 94
6.2.2. Analysis for the European Parliament 95
6.2.2.1. Conceptual Outline 95
6.2.2.2. Is It Possible to Grant Rights to Natural Entities in Europe? 96
6.2.2.3. Analysis of ECtHR and CJEU Case Law 97
7. An Outlook on a European Interpretation 100
7.1. German Initiative for Constitutional Regulation 101
7.2. Interpretations of Germany and the Rights of Nature Concept 101