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EXTRAMURAL ENGLISH ACTIVITIES AND INDIVIDUAL LEARNER DIFFERENCES
collected in Study Ihree and students" answers in Study Two could be com¬
pared. The questionnaire was piloted with 30 EFL teachers. To ensure the
internal consistency of the scales, Cronbach’s alpha coefficients were calcu¬
lated for all scales (for more information about the pilot process, see Fajt 2022a).
The final version of the teacher questionnaire was sent to Hungarian second¬
ary school EFL teachers, who were then asked to share it with their EFL
teacher colleagues. The data collection itself took place in May 2021.
6.4 DATA ANALYSIS
As for data analysis, the methods used in Study Two were transferred to Study
Three, too. The collected data were first coded, and all negatively worded items
(reversed items) were recoded in a reversed manner (e.g., answers of “do not
agree at all” (1) were coded as “completely agree” (5), etc.). The coded data were
then input into SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) 27.0, which al¬
lowed for complex statistical analyses with the statistical significance level set
for p<.05. Before the analyses, Cronbach’s alpha internal consistency coefficients
were calculated for the eight scales to ensure the reliability of the scales used
in the study. This was followed by descriptive statistical measures when mean
scores (M) and standard deviations (SD) were calculated for all scales. Then
relationships among the scales were examined by implementing correlation
analyses. Finally, the mean scores of the scales measuring Hungarian second¬
ary school EFL teachers’ answers were compared with the mean scores of the
same scales measuring Hungarian school EFL learners’ answers using inde¬
pendent samples t-tests.
6.5 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
These sections provide an overview of the results of Study Three. First, the
reliability of scales is presented, followed by the presentation of descriptive
statistics (mean scores of scales). Then the results of correlation analyses among
scales are described, and finally, EFL teachers’ (participants of Study Three)
and EFL learners’ (participants of Study Two) responses are compared and
contrasted.
6.5.1 The reliability of scales
First, the reliability of the internal consistency of the different scales used in
the study was checked. As a result, the Cronbach’s alpha coefficients were
computed for the eight scales (see Table 41).
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