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EXTRAMURAL ENGLISH ACTIVITIES AND INDIVIDUAL LEARNER DIFFERENCES Table 28. Results of regression analysis regarding the Ideal L2 Self EE activities B SEB ß t EE watching series .22 .04 .30* 5.94 EE reading online 15 .05 .18* 2.97 EE paper-based reading .15 .05 .18* 3.31 EE watching online videos on YouTube .10 .04 .13* 2.50 R? .35 F for change in R? 43.975 Note. B stands for regression coefficient. *p<.05 SE B — standard error associated with the coefficient B — standardized coefficient R? — stands for the proportion of variance in the dependent variable explained by the independent variables As the data in Table 28 show, watching English-language films and series, as well as reading English-language content (both online and paper-based), affects participants’ Ideal L2 Self. In addition, YouTube videos also have an impact on this motivational component. These results are also in line with the results of Józsa and Imre (2013), Lajtai (2020), confirming that certain EE activities do indeed influence the L2 learning motivation of Hungarian secondary school students. In the case of the Ought-To L2 Self, the results of the regression analysis revealed that only YouTube videos affect this component of the Motivational Self System at the p<.05 level of significance (see Table 29). However, this particular EE activity explains only 1% of the Ought-To L2 Self; therefore, it may be concluded that EE activities do not explain participants’ Ought-To L2 Self at all. These results are in line with the findings of previous research showing that the Ought-To L2 Self has a lower impact on the L2 learning process than the Ideal L2 Self (Busse—Williams 2010, Dornyei et al. 2006, Eid 2008, Kormos—Csizér 2008, Kormos et al. 2011, Lamb 2012). What is more, Kormos and Csizer (2008) had the very same results, i.e., the Ideal L2 Self played a significant role in the motivation of Hungarian EFL learners, while the effect of the Ought-to L2 Self could not be identified in their research. Table 29. Results of regression analysis regarding the Ought-To L2 Self EE activities B SEB ß t EE watching online videos on YouTube .10 .04 .12* 2.25 R? .01 F for change in R? 5.080 Note. B stands for regression coefficient. *p<.05 SE B — standard error associated with the coefficient B — standardized coefficient R? - stands for the proportion of variance in the dependent variable explained by the independent variables * 116 +
