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EXTRAMURAL ENGLISH ACTIVITIES AND INDIVIDUAL LEARNER DIFFERENCES
Table 18. Results of factor analysis examining the “Miscellaneous” EE category
EE activities Factors
1 2 3 4 5 6
7. EE watching movies .890
1. EE watching series .884
14. EE watching gamers on Twitch .888
3. EE playing video games .882
2. EE watching tutorial videos .933
9. EE watching videobloggers on .621
YouTube
4. EE chatting with others .965
12. EE listening to music .968
16. EE watching TikTok videos .963
The first dimension included English-language films and English-language
series. It does make sense that those two activities fall into one category since
they are more or less the same activity, the only difference between them being
the fact that films are shorter, typically 1-2 hours, whereas film series consist
of numerous episodes, each lasting for approximately 40-60 minutes. The
second dimension included playing English-language video games, which is
interestingly related to another EE activity, English-language (video) gameplays
streamed or uploaded by video game players. At first glance, these two activ¬
ities may seem separate, but on closer inspection, it is logical that they load
onto one dimension, as a player who plays video games is likely to watch
gameplays, too, and video game related streams because they are interested in
video games in general. As a result, these two activities were grouped into one
category. The third dimension was English-language videos on YouTube, which
included tutorial videos and videos from video bloggers. As both types of
videos are usually accessible via YouTube, they are clustered into one factor.
The fourth dimension was chatting with others using the English language, a
dimension in which only this activity can be found. The fifth dimension was
listening to music in English; similarly to the previous dimension, this one
also consisted of only one activity. Finally, the sixth and last dimension was
watching English-language videos on TikTok, which is a popular social media
video-sharing platform for smart devices.
Although factor analysis can provide insights into which EE activities relate
to one another, we cannot obtain any information from the factor structures
about how often respondents engage in the different EE activities.
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