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CONTENTS
Chapter 5. Study Two ............................,,....,...,...,.4.,,42, 87
5.1 Participants .....................,..........,.....,...44.4... 87
5.2 The research instrument .....................................,..... 89
5.3 Data collection and the validation process ............................ 93
5.4 Data analysis ...............................................,.., 93
5.5 Results and discussion ............................................. 94
5.5.1 The reliability of the scales .................................... 94
5.5.2 The different EE activities secondary school
students pursue ............................................. 95
5.5.3 Categorizing students’ EE activities: factor analysis .............. 100
5.5.4 Students’ subtitle use habits .................................. 103
5.5.5 Students’ beliefs on in-class EFL learning
and extramural EFL use ..................................... 104
5.5.6 Individual learner differences ................................. 105
5.5.6.1 L2 learning motivation and its related concepts ............. 106
5.5.6.2 Anxiety and WTC .....................,.............., 107
5.5.7 Correlations among scales .................................... 108
5.5.8 The impact of EE activities on the different
individual learner differences ................................ 113
5.5.8.1 Learners’ willingness to incorporate
their EE interests into EFL lessons ........................ 114
5.5.8.2 Beliefs about in-school and extramural learning ............. 115
5.5.8.3 Motivation and its predictors ............................. 115
5.5.8.4 In-school motivated English language learning
behavior and extramural motivated language use ........... 120
5.5.8.5 In-school and extramural anxiety ......................... 121
5.5.8.6 In-school and extramural willingness
to communicate ....................................... 123
5.5.9 The impact of individual learner differences
on motivated learning behavior .............................. 125
5.6 Conclusion ...................................................., 127
Chapter 6. Study Three ..........................,.................,,, 129
6.1 Participants .................,..........,.....,...,4..4...s.. 129
6.2 Instrument .............................................,..44.... 130
6.3 Data collection and the validation process ........................... 131
6.4 Data analysis .................................................... 132