Oldal 199 [199]
OCR
LINGUISTIC CONTRASTS IN ENGLISH-HUNGARIAN AND HUNGARIAN—ENGLISH TRANSLATION > polysemous words with transferred meanings very close to the central meaning, > unmarked collocations, > false cognates, >» word building patterns, e.g., loan translation of transparent compounds, > pragmatic features. 11.4 STRATEGY USE IN TRANSLATION Strategic language use occurs whenever a communicator meets a problem and tries to overcome it. Strategies are needed in communication in one’s native language, communication in a foreign/second language, and in translation. As in FLT, the strategies used in translation can be divided into two large groups: avoidance or reduction strategies and achievement or compensatory strategies. The causes of strategic language use, however, are different in foreign language communication and translation. In foreign language communication strategies are mostly used to overcome deficits in language competence. In translation, strategies are needed and used mainly because of > Structural and lexical differences between the SL and the TL, > Pragmatic, sociolinguistic and text-organisational (discourse) differences between the SL and the TL, > Differences between the background knowledge (cultural background) of SL and TL readers. 11.5 TRANSLATABILITY Practically every word in every language has a different meaning from similar words in other languages (cf. Chapter 6). Whorf’s (1956) theory of linguistic relativity claims that reality is segmented in different ways by different languages, therefore language determines thought. This is a controversial theory. Although language may affect thinking to some extent, there is not sufficient evidence to support the claim that speakers of different languages perceive reality in completely different ways or have different worldviews. Human languages, according to Chomsky (1981), are built on shared, universal principles, although there are many differences in their surface syntax and lexical items. In addition to linguistic differences, translation is also greatly affected by differences in the cultural background of different speech communities. This raises the question whether, given such differences, translation is possible at all. The answer is in the affirmative: yes, in the case of most text types, s 197 "
