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LAMIIN GEGEEN S SMOKE OFFERING RITUAL TO THE KHANGAI MOUNTAIN RANGE Krisztina Teleki Eötvös Loránd University, Research Centre for Mongolian Studies, Budapest The so-called "three lamps" (gurwan dsul) of the Geluk tradition", the first eminent Mongolian monks who spread the teachings of the Tibetan Geluk tradition! in Khalkha areas in Mongolia, are the first Jebtsundamba Khutugtu, Öndör Gegeen Dsanabadsar (Rje btsun dam pa Blo bzang bstan pa’i rgyal mtshan, 1635-1723), the Khalkha Dsaya Gegeen, Dsaya Pandita Luwsanprinlei (Blo bzang ‘phrin las, 1642-1719), and Lamiin Gegeen Luwsandandsanjantsan (Blo bzang bstan ’dzin rgyal mtshan, 1639-1704). All of these three monks were born and active in the Khangai region,” studying in Tibetan Geluk monasteries, recognized by the Dalai and Panchen Lamas as reincarnations, having master-disciple relationship, founding monasteries and spreading Buddhist doctrine and rituals among the Mongols in the 17*-18" centuries. The present article aims to introduce and translate a short, ritual text written by Lamiin Gegeen Luwsandandsanjantsan.* His collected works, written in Tibetan and printed in Beijing,* include a handful of ritual texts devoted to the Khangai Mountain Range and other nearby geographical sites." The selected text, Khang ka’i rgyal po’i gzhi bdag gi gsol kha shin tu bsdus pa (“Brief Petition Offering to the ' Tsongkhapa (Blo bzang grags pa, 1357—1419) initiated the Tibetan Geluk or Yellow stream or Yellow Hat tradition. The Mongols adopted it in the 16-17" century. ? The Khangai Mountain Range is situated in the central-western part of Mongolia. Monks of current Öwörkhangai, Arkhangai, Bayankhongor, Dsawkhan, and Khéwsgél provinces (parts of previous Tiisheet Khan Province, Sain Noyon Khan Province, Dsasagt Khan Province) have been venerating the Khangai Mountain Range and its local spirit, Khangai Khan since the 17" century. : The Stein-Arnold Exploration Fund of the British Academy (SA21/210010, Veneration Practice of the Khangai Mountain Range in Mongolia) and the Tempus Public Foundation of Hungary (Research Work in Libraries, Museums, and Monasteries in Mongolia: Sacred Texts devoted to the Khangai Mountain Range) supported my fieldwork in Mongolia in 2021. I am grateful to the Institute of History and Ethnology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences for hosting my research. Besides, this article was written within the framework ofa more detailed study ofthe Religious Landscape ofthe Khangai Mountain Range supported by the National Research, Development and Innovation Office (NKFIH, FK 138052), with the support ofthe Hungarian Government. 4 Lamiin Gegeen’s collected works (Tib. gsung ‘bum) are available in the National Library of Mongolia (No. NL-10939-114). I am grateful to Ven. Ragchaa Byambaa, University of Warsaw, who kindly provided me the copy of the Tibetan texts. > For the short description of the four texts see Byambaa, R. — Gandsorig, D.: Mongoliin Burkhan shashinii nomiin ikh Mergediin neg Lamiin gegeen Khanchinchoijil Luwsandandsinjantsangiin Sünbümiin büren garchig orshiwoi (Collected Works of Lamiin Gegeen Khanchinchoijil Luwsandandsinjantsan). Mongolchuudiin towd kheleer tuurwisan mongol khelend orchuulsan nom dsiiin biirtgel. Mongol bilig, Ulaanbaatar 2009, 0122-0125. 102
