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022_000084/0000

Aspects of Mongolian Buddhism 1. Past, Present and Future

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Field of science
Vallástudományok / Religious Studies (13037), Kultúrakutatás, kulturális sokféleség / Cultural studies, cultural diversity (12950), Mítosz, rítus, szimbólumok, valláskutatás / Myth, ritual, symbolic representations, religious studies (12850)
Type of publication
tanulmánykötet
022_000084/0387
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022_000084/0387

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ÁGNES BIRTALAN uterus) or to a female ancestress (grandmother). The "mottled fish" belongs probably to the oldest layers of nature comprehension, to the non-anthropomorphic chthonic beings, which also became strongly Buddhicised and assimilated to the naga-deities and klu-spirits. Jigmedjamc, the Lama put all the local spirits that inhabit his homeland into a Buddhist cosmological pattern. Bayarmagnai, the herdsman narrated a different story about the same territory that is also connected to the Buddhist world comprehension, but is not so systematically built as the “officially” accepted Buddhicised version narrated by the members of the clergy. It is also clear from the motifs of the narration that the four different spirit concepts root in four various mythological motifs and in different layers: as the zoomorphic spirits (fish), the ancestress spirits or deities (the old woman and the female mountain spirit) and in the worship of the ancestors or warriors (male mountain deity). Appendix 1 - Jigmedjame’s Text Jambütiwin ömnö xeseg tiw, end baina. Ömnö tiw in ömänsän neg, xoyir, guraw, enged yowsara x6rin dolödugärt en manaid baina. Manaigäs urü xörin naim yüs, guc gad (?) Altä tawn bogd xüred, urüxn tiw 6ngérnd. Dund Azid, Dundad tiwt orna. Dund tiw in Altän tawn bogdäs xoi onon, bas guë xuwägdan gij yar 'na. Jambütiw xöt xeseg Urid xeseg in ömnäsän xôrin jurgadugart gij (?) baina. Manai xôrin jurgaduyar in, axaljuya ül, Sutä xan ul gij baina. Sutä, ene 6mni odo Sutä gidik iil. Sutä xan üld bid dascixsn, Sutä Sibdig bolbol em Sibdig baina. En orngin ejen bol, gajrin ejen bolbol gajar dor baina. Ter od6 yanjaran lusdin ämgin baina. Gaxä unsn, gartan erden altan bumbö bar san, im kümün dürstä. Ce&j in kümün dürstä, tal dundasn nurügära, mogön dürstä, im ämitan bädag bainä. Sutä xan bolbol dascixsan, odé Jinxin nomn därä bol Sutä xan bise, Sutä xatn ül baix yumä. Bid xörin jurgädugär Sutäyäsa awäd enés xöino Cambagaraw gij baina dä. En xörondö xörin jurgädugäar ¢ bol da. Ja, tünes xoiS xörin dolödugär, ja xörin naim, yüs gucidugär [...] Altan Tawn bodg xiirtl ömnöd tiw teged öngörnä. Sutänad can Cambagaraw ül, Cambagarwäs can xörin doldogar xeseg. Manä Manxanä sabdag Xänbätar, Xanbätar gedeg nertä bätar xairxan gij baina, odo cast ul tijgdsn end. Ene Batar xairxan ene bolbol oda eregtei sabdag baina. [Yamarxan dürste?] A medexgüi, tünig üjegüi. Sabdag negn sabdagtä bäitxas bise, dör, doron tiwin gajrin ejen Culünä ejen, modni ejen, tus-tusta baina. Ter tötıg odö cejer medülj xelj yumn gij baixgüi. Modni ejen ötä gajart baina, manai ene nutgt ö cecerleg baixgüi. Manai end urgdg ö cecerleg baiwl, ürgüstä xargana baina, ängi ö cecerleg baixgüi. Tögrögin xarın sabdag in oldoj ögdöggüi yum, ene Cin tiged, nige jagasn baina gij xeljädk yum sü. Ö, bickxanä eren cöxor jagas. Lusin xamätan bainä, gij bodjäya. 386

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