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DCTETUKA A3AHBAN3APA U MOHTONBCKNÜ CTUJIb B BYJUINÜCKOM N30BPA3UTEIIBHOM UCKYCCTBE c Aunxo (Anige / Araniko (1245-1306). EcTecTBeHH0, YTO OHH IIPHBHECHH TPaımumn Henara nu TuGera, HO HerB34 3aGPIBATE, YTO 3aKa3yUKaMH ABJISIIHCB MOHTOJIBCKHE IIPABHTEJIH H COOTBETCTBEHHO, HX H3JECJIHA OTPAXKAJIH 3AIIPOCBI H BKYCbI MOHTOJIOB. ÁPHYAÜMHM CHMBOJIOM JCTETHUECKHX H HIIEOJIOTHŰECKHX IIDEJIMNOUTEHHÜ MOHFOJIBCKOÚ 3JIHTBI 13—14 BB. aBjJiserca oőpa3 Iyp Iomóo un IIlaHjpkapaHarxa MaxakKaJIBI (canckp. pañdjarnätha mahäkäla; T6. gur gyi mgon po/ mgon po gur — Braxpika IIlarpa) — rraBHoï CBATRIHH CTapeñiero MOHTOJBCKOTO MOHACTBIP4 DpAoHH-/[3y.' Dprouu-/{3y 8 1585 r Obi OTCTPOEH XYX-XOTCKHMH MaCTepaMH M10 3aKa3y AGaraÿxaHa (1534-1586). HanGonee u3BecTHBIe B Mpe KaM@HHBIE CKYIBIITYPHBIE H300paxkeaus Hanxxapanarxa MaxakayBi, HaTupyeMpie 5n0oxoû IOaHp, CHEHHANHCTEI OTHOCAT K ABTOPCTBY AHHKO. OHHH 43 IIENEBPOB XpaHnuTca B IlaprxkckoM My3ee HCKYCCTB Bocroka I Hme (Puc. 1). Maxakrana Ilanıpkapanarxa uu Typ IoM6o? — 6oxkecTBOo B rpyrne HJHaMa XeBaNXPBI, IJIABHBIŰ XPAHHTEJIB IIIKOJIBI CaKBbA, IIMPOKO IOYMTAJICA N ÖBIN TIOITYIISIPEH BO BPEeMEHA HIIEONIOTHYECKOTO JIHNEPCTBA B Tu6eTe 9TOH IIKONIBI, HOIYUMBIIEH MOJIHTHYeCKYIO HOJUIEPXKKY MOHTOJIBCKHX rpaBnTereñ B 13-14 8. I'yp Iom6o HMeeT KOHCTHTYIIMFO KOPEHACTOTO, Moryyero KapyHKa (THO. mi’u thung gel ba) c Gorsmoù TOJIOBOH, BEINHDAIONIHM XKHBOTOM H KODOTKHMH, KPEIIKHMH KOHEHHOCTAMH. ETO OTJIHHHTEJIBHBIM aTpHOYTOM ABIAeTCA MoMepedHad OyaBa WIM BOJMUCOHBIM TOHT — 2dHOu (CaHCKP.: gandi; Tu0. ‘phrul gyi gan di),? xoTa MHOTa OH MOXKeT H300parxKaTEcA H 6€3 Hero. 7 OcuunanbHO cuNTaeTCA, YTO MOHACTEIPb OBI nocTpoex np AGarañ-xaHe B KoHUe 16 B.; OHHAKO perurHo3Hai TpaxauHA DproHu-/[3ÿy YXOHAT KOPHAMH B 9 B., HePHOX VArTYPCKOTO KaraHATA. DPASHINON (1877-1960), KOTODBIÜ ŐBUI MEDPBBIM HaCTOZTeJIeM [ aHHNaHa CO BPEMEHH eTO BOCCTAHOBNEHHA B 1944 T., HHIICT, YTO BepBBle CTaTy4 Dpaonu-/[3y Opa BO3BeyeHa yirypckuM xaHoM boryaapom B XapaOamracyHe, KOTOpEI Haxogmica B 15 KM. K CeBepy OT HBIHeMIHero Xap-xopuHHa. Yroqoi-xaH IPHBE3 cTaTYyIo B KapakopyM, CTOJIHIIY MOHTOJIBCKOÜ HMIIEPHH, peCTaBpHPOBaJI H MOMeCTHJI B HOBOM XpaMe. B 1585 r AGarañ-xan c OnarocnoBenua [Tastaiá-sraMbI III ConHaM IBAIIO BOCCTaHOBUN CTapbIe xpaMbI H IOCTPOHN HOBbIe. IPA9HIIIN HEPEYHCHHN TIIABHBIE CBATBIHH MOHACTEIPA B TPEX OCHOBHBIX XPaMmax K KOHIIY HX CTPOHTEJIBCTBa B 1587 r.: 1) bymma Mxs-/[3y, myHmur KkoToporo GEL BBIITOJIHEH 43 MOMeH IakpamyHu, HonHeceHHEIÜ [lajlají-JaMOj, H BO Oy KOTOporo OBI MHKpycTupoBaH pyOuH; 2) Byıyıa Amura6xa; 3) Cem Öynn-Bpauegareneii; 4) Bocemb 6onxucarts; 5) Jlopou-[laOmacamOxasa; 6) Caxba-nanınTa I yHrampkanıan; 7) Kapma-6akıım; 8) Tlar6a-ıama; 9) IlecrHanuatp baxyxy Akun (16 apxatoß); 10) Yersipe maxapazıkn; 11) Tpicaya By buaroii Kasıprısı;, 12) Teunf-xpaHnurens Typ Tom6o. Ipasuunaı: Koneunaa npuuuna penueuü e Moneonuu. Hcmopua 6 mpydax yuënvix ram. KMK, Mocxga 2004, pp. 226, 222. Yıms Maxaxana IlanpkapaHarxa u3BecTHO 43 TekcTa «BajprpananHpkapa TaHTpa». BoKecTBo 6BLIO 3AIHTHUKOM ÖYIUIMÄÜCKOTO YHUBEpcHTeTa Hayıanıa B Urınn. B npeBHeïñ HHAYHCTKOÜ apxHTekType cylecTBOBasIH O6pa3 MOTYYCTO KApJIHKA-AKIIH, YACPKHBAIOINCTO Ha IJIEUAX CBOJIBI XPAMOB H IIEIEP. Beer, R.: Tibetan Buddhist Symbols. Boston 2003, p. 186. Tandu 6110 USBECTHO B IpeBHeli Hnnmn B KayecTBe 60CBOTO OPY3KHSI— ETO MEPYKAT AByMA PyKaMH, Kak nonepexxy10 6yraBy. / andu B MOHACTBIPAX IIPeNCTAaBIIAeT CO6OH MEPEBAHHYIO WOCKy u3 OeNoro caHyasia HIN TUMAJIAÜCKOTO Kenpa (AumHa OT 84 no 108 anrysa, nm 180 cm, ımpuHa 6 aHrys u TommmHa 2 aHryJla), B KOTOPyIO yapsIOT MAJICHBKHM MOJIOTKOM ]U14 CO3bIBA MOHAXOB HA PUTYAlIbI H MEPOIIPHSITUA. Cuntaetca, YTO PHTYaJIBHBIŰ 2andu CyINeCTBOBan BO BpeMeHa byıyıeı IllakbamyHH, eTO 3ByK yKacaeT maap. Co. Beer, R.: Tibetan Buddhist Symbols, p. 185. 9 77
