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DCTETUKA A3AHBAN3APA U MOHTONBCKNÜ CTUJIb B BYJUINÜCKOM N30BPA3UTEIIBHOM UCKYCCTBE
c Aunxo (Anige / Araniko (1245-1306). EcTecTBeHH0, YTO OHH IIPHBHECHH TPaımumn
Henara nu TuGera, HO HerB34 3aGPIBATE, YTO 3aKa3yUKaMH ABJISIIHCB MOHTOJIBCKHE
IIPABHTEJIH H COOTBETCTBEHHO, HX H3JECJIHA OTPAXKAJIH 3AIIPOCBI H BKYCbI MOHTOJIOB.
ÁPHYAÜMHM CHMBOJIOM JCTETHUECKHX H HIIEOJIOTHŰECKHX IIDEJIMNOUTEHHÜ MOHFOJIB¬
CKOÚ 3JIHTBI 13—14 BB. aBjJiserca oőpa3 Iyp Iomóo un IIlaHjpkapaHarxa MaxakKaJIBI
(canckp. pañdjarnätha mahäkäla; T6. gur gyi mgon po/ mgon po gur — Braxpika
IIlarpa) — rraBHoï CBATRIHH CTapeñiero MOHTOJBCKOTO MOHACTBIP4 DpAoHH-/[3y.'
Dprouu-/{3y 8 1585 r Obi OTCTPOEH XYX-XOTCKHMH MaCTepaMH M10 3aKa3y AGaraÿ¬
xaHa (1534-1586). HanGonee u3BecTHBIe B Mpe KaM@HHBIE CKYIBIITYPHBIE H300paxke¬
aus Hanxxapanarxa MaxakayBi, HaTupyeMpie 5n0oxoû IOaHp, CHEHHANHCTEI OTHOCAT
K ABTOPCTBY AHHKO. OHHH 43 IIENEBPOB XpaHnuTca B IlaprxkckoM My3ee HCKYCCTB
Bocroka I Hme (Puc. 1).
Maxakrana Ilanıpkapanarxa uu Typ IoM6o? — 6oxkecTBOo B rpyrne HJHaMa XeBaN¬
XPBI, IJIABHBIŰ XPAHHTEJIB IIIKOJIBI CaKBbA, IIMPOKO IOYMTAJICA N ÖBIN TIOITYIISIPEH BO
BPEeMEHA HIIEONIOTHYECKOTO JIHNEPCTBA B Tu6eTe 9TOH IIKONIBI, HOIYUMBIIEH MOJIHTH¬
YeCKYIO HOJUIEPXKKY MOHTOJIBCKHX rpaBnTereñ B 13-14 8. I'yp Iom6o HMeeT KOHCTH¬
TYIIMFO KOPEHACTOTO, Moryyero KapyHKa (THO. mi’u thung gel ba) c Gorsmoù TOJIOBOH,
BEINHDAIONIHM XKHBOTOM H KODOTKHMH, KPEIIKHMH KOHEHHOCTAMH. ETO OTJIHHHTEJIB¬
HBIM aTpHOYTOM ABIAeTCA MoMepedHad OyaBa WIM BOJMUCOHBIM TOHT — 2dHOu (CaHCKP.:
gandi; Tu0. ‘phrul gyi gan di),? xoTa MHOTa OH MOXKeT H300parxKaTEcA H 6€3 Hero.
7 OcuunanbHO cuNTaeTCA, YTO MOHACTEIPb OBI nocTpoex np AGarañ-xaHe B KoHUe 16 B.; OHHAKO
perurHo3Hai TpaxauHA DproHu-/[3ÿy YXOHAT KOPHAMH B 9 B., HePHOX VArTYPCKOTO KaraHATA. DPASHINON
(1877-1960), KOTODBIÜ ŐBUI MEDPBBIM HaCTOZTeJIeM [ aHHNaHa CO BPEMEHH eTO BOCCTAHOBNEHHA B 1944
T., HHIICT, YTO BepBBle CTaTy4 Dpaonu-/[3y Opa BO3BeyeHa yirypckuM xaHoM boryaapom B Xapa¬
OamracyHe, KOTOpEI Haxogmica B 15 KM. K CeBepy OT HBIHeMIHero Xap-xopuHHa. Yroqoi-xaH IPHBE3
cTaTYyIo B KapakopyM, CTOJIHIIY MOHTOJIBCKOÜ HMIIEPHH, peCTaBpHPOBaJI H MOMeCTHJI B HOBOM XpaMe.
B 1585 r AGarañ-xan c OnarocnoBenua [Tastaiá-sraMbI III ConHaM IBAIIO BOCCTaHOBUN CTapbIe xpaMbI
H IOCTPOHN HOBbIe. IPA9HIIIN HEPEYHCHHN TIIABHBIE CBATBIHH MOHACTEIPA B TPEX OCHOBHBIX XPaMmax
K KOHIIY HX CTPOHTEJIBCTBa B 1587 r.: 1) bymma Mxs-/[3y, myHmur KkoToporo GEL BBIITOJIHEH 43 MOMeH
IakpamyHu, HonHeceHHEIÜ [lajlají-JaMOj, H BO Oy KOTOporo OBI MHKpycTupoBaH pyOuH; 2) Byıyıa
Amura6xa; 3) Cem Öynn-Bpauegareneii; 4) Bocemb 6onxucarts; 5) Jlopou-[laOmacamOxasa; 6)
Caxba-nanınTa I yHrampkanıan; 7) Kapma-6akıım; 8) Tlar6a-ıama; 9) IlecrHanuatp baxyxy Akun (16
apxatoß); 10) Yersipe maxapazıkn; 11) Tpicaya By buaroii Kasıprısı;, 12) Teunf-xpaHnurens Typ Tom6o.
Ipasuunaı: Koneunaa npuuuna penueuü e Moneonuu. Hcmopua 6 mpydax yuënvix ram. KMK, Mocxga
2004, pp. 226, 222.
Yıms Maxaxana IlanpkapaHarxa u3BecTHO 43 TekcTa «BajprpananHpkapa TaHTpa». BoKecTBo 6BLIO
3AIHTHUKOM ÖYIUIMÄÜCKOTO YHUBEpcHTeTa Hayıanıa B Urınn. B npeBHeïñ HHAYHCTKOÜ apxHTekType
cylecTBOBasIH O6pa3 MOTYYCTO KApJIHKA-AKIIH, YACPKHBAIOINCTO Ha IJIEUAX CBOJIBI XPAMOB H IIEIEP.
Beer, R.: Tibetan Buddhist Symbols. Boston 2003, p. 186.
Tandu 6110 USBECTHO B IpeBHeli Hnnmn B KayecTBe 60CBOTO OPY3KHSI— ETO MEPYKAT AByMA PyKaMH, Kak
nonepexxy10 6yraBy. / andu B MOHACTBIPAX IIPeNCTAaBIIAeT CO6OH MEPEBAHHYIO WOCKy u3 OeNoro caHyasia
HIN TUMAJIAÜCKOTO Kenpa (AumHa OT 84 no 108 anrysa, nm 180 cm, ımpuHa 6 aHrys u TommmHa 2
aHryJla), B KOTOPyIO yapsIOT MAJICHBKHM MOJIOTKOM ]U14 CO3bIBA MOHAXOB HA PUTYAlIbI H MEPOIIPHSITUA.
Cuntaetca, YTO PHTYaJIBHBIŰ 2andu CyINeCTBOBan BO BpeMeHa byıyıeı IllakbamyHH, eTO 3ByK yKacaeT
maap. Co. Beer, R.: Tibetan Buddhist Symbols, p. 185.
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