Page 76 [76]
only limited conclusions can be drawn regarding their real functional work on any of
the areas mentioned above.
There are some duties and titles within the royal household that originate from or
are closely connected with the functional title of wb3 nswt ‘royal wb? itself, such as the
function of Paatenemheb as wb3 nswt n hm.t nswt wr.t royal wb3 of the great royal wife’
on his wooden stick in Leiden (RMO AH 140c).”” This implies that he was in a close
connection with the wife of the king just as he was with the king himself, and gained a
position of trust in the private household of both of them. In some cases wb3 nswt ‘royal
wb? officials can be linked to particular units of the provision quarter of the royal pal¬
ace." According to his titles on his stele from Abydos, Ramessesemperre acted as the
manager of two of these units under Ramesses II*” as he was 3 n “.t hng.t ‘chief of the
beer chamber’ and ° n “1 hnk.t ‘chief of the supplies magazine?" as well. The latter title
specifying the responsibility of these officials for the palace stores is attested on the stele
of Iuti from Giza during the reign of Thutmose IV™, and it was also borne by Ramesse¬
sheru from the reign of Merneptah.””
The functional title jmj-r3 “hnw¢j ‘chamberlain’ seems to be very closely linked to the
title of ‘royal wb3’ in respect to his activity and responsibility, yet the real meaning of
the title itself and the function of its holders are highly enigmatic. Several scholars
have made suggestions for the definition regarding the title,” the occurrences of which
imply that the position of jmj-r3 Chnwtj ‘chamberlain’ must have been a trusted person
in the closest circle of the ruler, carrying out personal services for him as well as his
special commissions requiring loyalty to him, however, this is attested much more
infrequently in the New Kingdom.” Unfortunately, the sources of Qema, Horemheb
*7 For a detailed discussion on Paatenemheb, see p. 165, for the inscription of the wooden stick, see
[24.3] Wooden stick, Leiden, AH 140¢ on p. 438.
Al-Ayedi, 2006, 226-229. For a discussion on the extended versions of the title wb3 nswt, see chap¬
ter II.5.3.1. below on p. 90.
29 For a detailed discussion on Ramessesemperre, see p. 201, for the inscription of the stele, see [53]
Stele, Cairo, TR 3/7/24/17 on p. 493.
2 On the title of 3 n ‘t hnkt, see Gardiner, 1947, 22"; Zivie, 1976, 168, which indicates the existence of
the title only from the Ramesside period. Al-Ayedi translates this title as ‘chief royal butler in the
kitchen of the palace’, see Al-Ayedi, 2006, 227, however, I prefer the translation above based on
Hannig, 2006, 136.
For a detailed discussion on luti, see p. 135, for the inscription of the stele, see [11.1] Stele, Cairo, JE
72268 on p. 373.
For a detailed discussion on Ramessesheru, see p. 208, for the inscription of his stele, see [55] Stele,
Paris, E 3629 on p. 509.
Maspero, 1888, 56; Moret, 1909, 19; Gauthier, 1918; Grajetzki, 2013, 222.
74 For a detailed discussion on the title, see Qema on p. 168.