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SUPERVISION AS AN ÁPPROPRIATE FORM OF INTERNAL MONITORING WITHIN EUROPEAN UNION COOPERATION DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS direction for programming and management of EC development assistance." One of the guiding principles of this policy is Ownership by developing countries of their own development process." The ownership of local stakeholders and target groups of their development processes is the main issue of the EU development aid policies, while active participation is one of the main instruments in promoting ownership. Monitoring, on the other hand, is one of the practical tools for ownership enhancement. In Project Cycle Management Guidelines’ it is clearly exposed that one of practical ways of promoting ownership among local stakeholder and on different stages of Project Cycle Management’ is to promote monitoring as a learning process, not only as an “auditing” tool. NEW TENDENCIES OF MONITORING IMPROVEMENT Monitoring, as a notion, is used differently in different contexts and therefore I should provide a definition for each typology of monitoring used within projects funded by EU. There are 3 main types of monitoring:® 1) Internal project monitoring, which is the responsibility of internal management of organization in charge of project implementation. It is a process of systematic and continuous collection, analysis and use of management information to support effective decision-making and therefore stands for keeping track of project progress implementation in terms of expenditure, resource use, implementation of activities, achievement of results, risk management, etc. 2) Monitoring by EC Task Managers? refers to collecting, analysing and using information about project progress and performance (internal, European Commission, Aid Delivery Methods — Volume 1: Project Cycle Management Guidelines, EuropAid: Supporting effective implementation of EC External Assistance, 2004. 5 Ibid. $ Ibid. is a methodology for the identification, preparation implementation, monitoring and evaluation of projects and programmes. PCM methodology is based on the principles of the Logical Framework Approach. It helps specify key tasks, quality assessment criteria, roles, responsibilities and decision making options to support effective management, the achievement of desired results and learning from experience (European Commission, Strengthening project internal monitoring, How to enhance the role of EC task managers, EuropeAid: Tools and Methods series, Reference document No 3, 2007.). 8 Ibid. Refers to an EC officer who has an operational responsibility for overseeing and supporting the effective formulation, implementation and/or monitoring of specific development projects or programmes financed by EU. Most Task Managers are now based at Delegations and usually
