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60 | Zsófia Kollányi also falling. Moreover, this relative measure says nothing about the relative or the absolute situation of those below the poverty threshold. Total population 50, 40, 30, al will MINT ww hl | LU HU ES EE SI SE EL SK DE RO IE NE PT FR BE CZ MT IT BG DK PL FI AT CY LT UK LV N a o m2008 m2014 Mm2019 Aged less than 16 50 40 30, M | | | | | | | Hdi | il Il BG RO HU LU MT ES SI SE SK EL PT EE CZ FR BG IT NE LV DK LT DE AT CY PL IE FI UK N = o m2008 m2014 M 2019 Figure 8: At-risk-of-poverty rate in EU Member States (per cent of given population, based on 60 per cent of median income) Source of data: Eurostat 2021a Note: At-risk-of-poverty rate is defined as the share of people living in households with equalised, after-transfers income lower than 60 per cent of the median income of the given population. Examining these Figures in more detail, we once again find several distinct trajectories in the various countries. In some countries, in the immediate aftermath of the crisis both the overall and the child poverty rates increased temporarily, only to then drop again to their original levels, although they remain slightly elevated in several countries (e.g. Hungary, Spain, Greece, Romania). Some other countries experienced a constant but moderate increase in either the poverty rates of both segments, or at the level of the total population only (e.g. the Netherlands, France, Czechia, Bulgaria, Italy, Malta). Regarding the total population, Lithuania, Latvia, and the UK, while regarding children only, the UK alone was where, following a decrease, the rates increased between 2014 and 2019, too. Figure 9 presents a significantly different approach. Material deprivation, which is based on a definitive list of certain attributes, typically goods and
