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TABLE OF CONTENIS —to> I. INTRODUCTION ... 2.2.2222 ee 11 1. Smart Grids: Modernizing Europe’s Electricity Networks.............. 11 2.'The Green Transition and EU Climate Goals..................... 13 3. Europes Internal Electricity Market: Integration as a Foundation . . . . . . . . . 14 4. Digitalisation, Smart Technology, and New Regulatory Challenges . . . . . . . . 16 5. A Timely Contribution to Energy Law and Policy Debates . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 IL THE CONCEPT AND DOCTRINAL POSITION OF ENERGY LAW ........... 21 1. The concept of energy law. ............................... 21 2. The evolution of the concept of energy law ...................... 21 2. Ihe Position of Energy Law within the Legal System ................ 22 3. The regulatory field of energy law . .......................... 23 IIT. SOURCES OF EU ENERGY LAW. ............................ 27 1. Primary sources oflaw ................................. 27 b) National constitutions and fundamental laws. . ................. 29 2. Secondary sources oflaw................................ 29 a) Electricity Transit Directive. ............................ 29 b) Hydrocarbon Research Directive. ......................... 30 c) Electricity directives . ................................ 30 d) Gas market directives ..................,............. 33 e) Other directives and regulations .......................... 33 f) International Dimension of EU Energy Law. ................... 39 g) Case law and judicial practice of the European Union. ............. 40 h) Legal literature and soft laws ............................ 42 IV. SMART GRIDS IN THE EUROPEAN UNION ...................... 43 1. The European Union and smart systems ....................... 43 2. "The regulatory framework ............................... 44 3. Smart Metering and the Drive for Digitalisation. . ................. 45 4. Smart Grids: Key Role in Decarbonisation ...................... 46
