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INTRODUCTION
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literature,” “heterolingualism,” “exophony,”’ “semiodiversity,”® “translin¬
gualism,”” “literary transnationalism,”'° “literary code-switching,”" etc. These
notions have sometimes been used interchangeably but have also high¬
lighted different nuances of the same practice. The result is not only that
there is “no coherent, agreed-upon terminology, either within or across
specific disciplines (or languages),”’? but we have a very much deficient
methodology to study this exponentially growing field.
In addition to these notions, scholars have also tried to focus more in detail
on different multilingual practices. “Since the 1970s, a large amount of research
in the field of bilingualism has focused on the mixing of languages in discourse,
in particular code-switching and related phenomena, variously called code¬
mixing, code-shifting, language alternation or language interaction.” This
list could also be extended to hybridization, interference, and more.“ Even
though fewer studies have been dedicated to written (and literary) multilingual
practices’ than to performing art ones," in this case the result has also been
5 Hugo Baetens Beardsmore: Polyglot Literature and Linguistic Fiction, International Journal
of the Sociology of Language 15 (1978), 91-102.
Rainier Grutman: Traduire l’Heterolingualisme: Questions Conceptuelles et (con) Textuelles,
inM. A. Motout (ed.): Autour d’Olive Senior: Hétérolinguisme et Traduction, Presses de |’ Uni¬
versité d’Angers, 2012, 49-81.
Susan Arndt — Dirk Naguschewski — Robert Stockhammer (eds.): Exophonie: Anders—
Sprachigkeit (in) der Literatur, Kulturverlag Kadmos, 2007.
David Gramling: The Invention of Monolingualism, New York, Bloomsbury, 2016.
Ofelia Garcia: Bilingual Education in the 21st century, West-Sussex, Wiley-Blackwell, 2009.
Steven G. Kellman: The Translingual Imagination, Lincoln, University of Nebraska Press,
2000.
Johanna Domokos — Marianna Deganutti: Four Major Literary Code-switching Strategies in
Hungarian Literature: Decoding Monolingualism, Hungarian Studies Yearbook 3 (2021),
43-63, https://doi.org/10.2478/hsy-2021-0004
2 Yasemin Yildiz: Beyond the Mother Tongue: The Postmonolingual Condition, New York, Ford¬
ham University Press, 2012, 213.
13 Mark Sebba: Researching and Theorising Multilingual Texts, in M. Sebba - S. Mahootian-C.
Jonsson (eds.): Language Mixing and Code-Switching in Writing: Approaches to Mixed Lan¬
guage Written Discourse, New York, Routledge, 2012, 1.
Gaetano Berruto: Situazioni di Plurilinguismo, Commutazione di Codice e Mescolanza di
Sistemi, Babylonia 6 (1998), 16-21.
Laura Callahan: Spanish-English Codeswitching in a Written Corpus, Amsterdam/Philadel¬
phia, John Benjamins, 2004; Mark Sebba: Researching and Theorising Multilingual Texts,
1-26; Penelope Gardner-Chloros — Daniel Weston: Code-Switching and Multilingualism in
Literature, Language and Literature 24 (2015), 182-193; Dirk Delabastita — Rainier Grutman:
Fictionalising Translation and Multilingualism, Target, 20 (2008), 164-169; Michela Baldo:
Italian-Canadian Narratives of Return: Analysing Cultural Translation in Diasporic Writing,
London, Palgrave Macmillan, 2019.
Michael Alvarez—Pereyre: Using film as linguistic specimen: Theoretical and practical issues,
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in R. Piazza — M. Bednarek - F. Rossi (eds.): Telecinematic Discourse: Approaches to the Lan¬
guage of Films and Television Series, Amsterdam, John Benjamins, 2011, 47-67; Jannis An¬
droutsopoulos: Introduction: Language and society in cinematic discourse, Multilingua
31(2-3), 2012, 139-154; Lukas Bleichenbacher: Multilingualism in the Movies: Hollywood
Characters and their Linguistic Choices, Tübingen, DE, Francke, 2008; Manfred Jahn: A guide
8°