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EUROPEAN PARTITIVES IN COMPARISON
in (9b-c) and (12), and Mari has the postpositions gy¢ (which is actually on its
way to becoming the elative case marker in the Mari local case system;*° (13))
or koklaste (10b-c), inter alia. Nonetheless, Mari has also a locative, more
specifically, inessive option for a subtype of proper partitives which Falco &
Zamparelli call ‘out of-construction’*! (14).
(14) Mari (Finno-Ugric, Volgaic)”
MHdew cmydenm-biume HblAbim-We KOMU ÜbLAMbIM,
Inde$ student-y$te nylyt-se komi jylmym,
nine student-INE[sG] four-3sG Komi language.acc
a Busbim-we XaAHMbL ÜbLAMbIM myHeMew.
a vizyt-$e hanty jylmym tunemes.
and five-3sG Khanty language. acc learn.3sG
‘Of the nine students, four study Komi, and five study Khanty’
The inessive strategy, too, is attested for Old Hungarian; actually, it had antic¬
ipated the separative one. As a striking reminiscence of the inessive strategy,
in Modern Hungarian still preserved is the intriguing set of the inessive-based
accusative plural pronouns benniink(-et) [in(side).1pL-acc], bennetek(-et)
[in(side).2PL-Acc], which by now have lost their partitive semantics whatsoever
and are considered purely alternatives to the regular accusative forms mink-et
[we.lpL-acc ], titek-et [you.2PL-acc ].** Talos,*° however, regards these pairs as
inclusive—exclusive marking in Hungarian. What is covered by the 1" person
plural pronoun us and its 2” person plural counterpart you (i.e., not thee) in
English, is covered by pronouns with different feature sets in Hungarian accord¬
ing to the view of Talos. The pronoun benniinket ‘us’ would be a pronoun with
the 1‘ and 2" person features, the speaker and addressee in the discourse, while
minket ‘us’ combines the 1% and 3" person features. Conversely, benneteket ‘you’
encodes the 2™ and 3" person features as opposed to titeket ‘you’, which com¬
bines two or more 2™ person singular referents of the discourse.
Gabor Bereczki: Chrestomathia Ceremissica, Budapest, Tankönyvkiadó, 1990, 32.
Falco — Zamparelli: Partitives, 7.
Riese et al.: Mari, 80.
Antal Klemm: Magyar térténeti mondattan [A historical syntax of Hungarian], Budapest,
1928, 183; Magdolna R. Hutás: Az alárendelő szerkezetek: Az igei szerkezetek [Subordinate
structures: Verbal structures], in Loránd Benkő (editor-in-chief), A magyar nyelv történeti
nyelvtana I. A korai ómagyar kor és előzményei, Budapest, Akadémiai Kiadó, 1991, 654.
See, e.g., József Bencédy — Pál Fábián — Endre Rácz — Mártonné Velcsov: A mai magyar nyelv
[Modern Hungarian], Budapest: Tankönyvkiadó, 1974, 271.
Endre Tálos: A magyar inkluzív személynévmásai [The inclusive personal pronouns of
Hungarian], Magyar Nyelv 76 (1980), 70-72.
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