Oldal 17 [17]
1. INTRODUCTION = 15
meaning-making. Narratives of people in recovery often emphasize power¬
lessness and surrender to “higher power” (especially in twelve-step programs:
Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) and Narcotics Anonymous (NA) groups) in¬
voking fate or God. People in recovery from drug addiction often talk about
identities what they “were meant to be” (e.g., becoming a recovering helper).
Finding the meaning in life cannot be separated from social capital. So¬
cial networks could provide emotional support, a chance to give and receive
help. Supportive social networks are reliable predictors of long-term recovery
from substance misuse. However, it is not enough to have some good friends,
people in recovery has to find a role in the broader community and society.
Belonging and social integration could help overcome external and inter¬
nalized stigma.
The review underlines that recovery is a future-focused process. Because
the future is not defined by people’s symptoms of mental illness or addiction
their future is hopeful. Thus, hope is an essential factor in the motivation of
change, people has to believe that change is possible social communities and
professionals could ensure this message.
The most influential model of behavioural change is the transtheoretical
model of Prochaska and DiClemente (2005) is also should be mentioned here.
This model suggests that change has temporal dimension and this process has
six stages: precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance,
termination. The recovery approach which was mentioned above also suggests
that recovery is a process, that may have stages, but these stages or steps are
not defined or prescribed for the individual who tries to change. Recovery
approach emphasizes the subjective factor of this process.
1.1.1.1. Recovery from what?
There is a significant body of literature about what is the meaning of recovery,
and from what condition is it possible to recover. Since recovery means a
process of moving towards something more: a positive and meaningful life
(Terry & Cardwell, 2015) it could help people overcoming multiple problems
or crisis. That is why many different areas apply the elements of recovery.
Recovery processes differ across literature, the process of recovery from men¬
tal illness is not paralleled in addiction recovery, although they could convey
essential insights (Terry & Cardwell, 2015).
In the literature, recovery from mental health illness is not primarily about
recovery from the symptoms of mental illness. Recovery in this context pref¬
erably means recovery from long-term patient care, which potentially involves
discrimination and has many effects. Services and systems are portrayed as
the most significant barriers to recovery by undermining choice, personhood,
hope, self-control, and a sense of purpose because the way of treatment reduces