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BALÁZS VENKOVITS
government, but the efforts and regulations of the mother country could not
stop him from leaving his native land. Ihe introduction of the guota system
is the United States, however, closed one of the main destinations in front of
him and thus he had to look for alternatives.
Canada presented one such alternative and the overtly positive image of
the country disseminated via pamphlets, posters, and personal meetings with
agents, coupled with stories of fellow villagers, finally persuaded him that
the long voyage across the Atlantic would be worth the risk. Ihe stages of
history (depression, another world war and communism), however, stopped
him from completing his original plan and his family was never fully reunited
again. Although the father returned to the home country, the siblings in
Canada and Hungary remained separated for the rest of their lives. Statistics,
policy overviews and ship manifests tell us the key moments of major waves
of migration between Hungary and Canada; the true force of the migration
process, however, may be best revealed when retelling individual stories that
expose the personal and often tragic side of migration.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
---, Esterház, Magyar Colonia, Éjszak-nyugati Tartományok, Kanada. Levelek
a telepesektől s fényképfelvételek, melyeket a helyszínen vettek fel 1902,
július havában, Ottawa, Kormányzósági nyomda, 1902.
BENCSIK, Péter, Útiokmányok, utazási lehetőségek és határforgalom a 20. századi
Magyarországon, Regio, Vol. 13, No. 2 (2002).
CANADIAN Pacific Railway, Angol (Hungarian-English) (a helyes angol
kiejtés pontos feltüntetésével: amit egy tanyán tudnia kell: a telepítési és
Fejlesztési Osztály által elöterjesztve, Budapest, Királyi Magyar Egyetemi
Nyomda, 1900?.
CUNARD Steamship Company, Kanada: hogy utazzunk a Cunard Line
vöröskéményes gyorshajóival közvetlenül Kanadába. Budapest, Magyar¬
országi Főiroda, 1910?.
DANIELS, Roger, Coming to America: A History of Immigration and Ethnicity
in American Life, New York, Perennial, 2002.
DETRE, Laura A., Canada’s Campaign for Immigrants and The Images in
Canada West Magazine, Great Plains Quarterly, Vol. 24, No. 2 (Spring
2004), 113-129.
DoJjcsÁK, Győző, A kanadai Esterházy története, Budapest, Magvető, 1981.
DREISZIGER, Nándor E. (et al.), Struggle and Hope: The Hungarian-Canadian
Experience, Toronto, McClelland, 1982.
* 120°