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EXTRAMURAL ENGLISH ACTIVITIES AND INDIVIDUAL LEARNER DIFFERENCES Table 12. Secondary school students" freguency of engagement in the different EE activities EE activities M SD 12. EE listening to music 4.83 52 10. EE read posts on Instagram 4.23 1.27 6. EE reading websites 3.98 1.14 9. EE watching videobloggers on YouTube 3.91 1.31 1. EE watching series in English 3.88 1.22 16. EE watching TikTok videos 3.66 1.75 7. EE watching movies 3.52 1.22 18. EE reading news in English 3.27 1.45 2. EE watching tutorial videos 3.20 1.28 3. EE playing video games 3.16 1.69 13. EE reading posts on Facebook 3.14 1.60 8. EE reading blogs 2.93 1.44 5. EE reading Twitter posts 2.83 1.67 4. EE chatting with others 2.17 1.42 14. EE watching gamers on Twitch 2.08 1.53 11. EE reading books 2.01 1.26 15. EE reading magazines 1.87 1.20 17. EE reading newspapers 1.79 1.16 It becomes apparent from Table 12 that the most favored EE activities are listening to music in English, checking posts on Instagram, and using social media. The least favored EE activities are reading English-language books, magazines, and newspapers. This may be traced back to learners’ age-related reading habits and the fact that this generation tends to read traditional media less than previous generations. Participants’ previously analyzed language level differences could also be a reason for the low mean scores, i.e., it could be hypothesized that learners at B2 and C1 levels are more likely to read lengthy texts in English, but also that those who read more are also more likely to have a high level of English. In addition, if we take a closer look at the EE activities in Table 8, we can easily notice that there is a tendency for the EE activities at the bottom to be more time-consuming and require relatively more attention than the ones at the top; therefore, the usual time required for engaging in them decreases from top to bottom. In our fast-paced world, where we are surrounded by all kinds of smart devices, it is no surprise that secondary school students will primarily engage in and prefer activities that they can primarily do on their smartphones, and much more time-consuming activities will be +06 +
