Oldal 154 [154]
OCR
HUNGARIAN-ENGLISH LINGUISTIC CONTRASTS. A PRACTICAL APPROACH A félig megrágott kajára itt sok milliárd baktérium szabadul rá, és segítenek a növényi rostok lebontásában. Here billions of bacteria are let loose on the half-chewed food, helping to break down vegetable fibers. A further difference in the use of and and és is that in enumerations and is always inserted before the last item in the list; és is often omitted in Hungarian: Vettem kenyeret vajat, sajtot. — I bought bread, butter, and cheese. Although not a conjunction, the Hungarian particle is will be mentioned here. Hungarian learners usually grapple with the dilemma of choosing between also and too. As a matter of fact, often the solution is to use neither (Aradi 2010): Az utasokat eligazító információs rendszer felmondta a szolgálatot, és sokáig tartott a csomagokhoz jutás is. The flight information display system broke down and it took a long time to get your luggage. 9.5.3 Hungarian-English contrasts in cohesive devices: Ellipsis Ellipsis means omitting certain elements from a sentence. According to Halliday and Hasan (1976) ellipsis is zero substitution. Like substitution, it is a cohesive device: grammatical competence makes speakers aware that something is missing and prompts them to search for an antecedent in preceding (or following) discourse. Like substitution, it is usually anaphoric, and much less frequently cataphoric: Can you dance? — No, I can't ©. (anaphoric reference to dance) He is fond of © and interested in music. (cataphoric reference to music) 9.5.3.1 Grammatical ellipsis Grammatical ellipsis means omission of grammatically obligatory elements. Such sentences, if viewed on their own, are grammatically incomplete. How are you? - Just fine. Where are you off to? — To the library. Omitted elements can be recovered s on the basis of knowledge of syntactic rules (structural ellipsis); + from previous parts of the sentence or previous sentences (textual ellipsis) e from the situation (situational ellipsis) * 152 +
