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Chapter 6
HUNGARIAN-ENGLISH GRAMMATICAL CONTRASTS:
PRONOUNS AND ADVERBS
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6.1 PRONOUNS
There are many contrasts between English and Hungarian pronouns. Some of
these can be regarded as divergent phenomena (one to two or more correspon¬
dences), such as the use of some and any, little and few, which and that, etc.
Most of these contrasts will have been dealt with in earlier stages of the lan¬
guage learning career of the prospective users of this book, and need not be
discussed here. However, since errors in the use of some English pronouns
showing the continued influence of L1 pronoun use sporadically occur even at
the advanced and proficiency stage, the Tasks in 6.5 will present some trans¬
lation exercises aimed at recapitulation and awareness raising. Students are
invited to identify the L1-L2 contrasts that may influence the acquisition and
correct use of English pronouns and discuss them on the basis of these exer¬
cises.
6.2 ADVERBS AND ADVERBIALS
One problem with adverbs that learners face is that some adjectives in English
can be used as adverbs without the addition of a suffix:
Fiatalok voltunk. — We were young.
Fiatalon házasodtunk össze. — We married young.
Későn érkezett. — He arrived late.
Beszélj hangosan. — Speak out loud.
Again, we have the problem of one to two/many correspondence, i.e. divergence,
a potential source of error.
Another problem is that Hungarian adverbs of manner often correspond to
prepositional phrase postmodifiers in English:
Meglepetten néztek ram. — They looked at me in surprise.
Nehezen beszélt. — He spoke with difficulty.
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