Oldal 171 [171]
RELIGIOUS CoDES OF MONGOLIAN BuppHIST MONASTERIES
in Dsawkhan province it is written: “This Ahiid did not have its own charter, and they
were guided by the charter brought by Lama Darjaa from the Gandan Monastery,”!*
while Khaltariin Khiid of Otgon disctrict in the same province used the statute of
the Gendenpel Monastery.'® Some monasteries used statutes composed by the Dalai
Lamas, for example, the charter of Buyan Dsalbirakh Monastery of Tiimen district
was composed by the Fifth Dalai Lama, Ngawang Lobsang Gyatso (1617-1682).
Religious Code of Gandantegchenlin Temple
Several texts describing monastic rules in the Mongolian language are found in the
archives of the Centre of Oriental Manuscripts and Xylographs (COMX, the Institute
for Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan Studies of the Siberian Branch of the Russian
Academy of Sciences). In this article we will present preliminary results of study of
the disciplinary code of the Gandantegchenlin Temple, being the centre of /kh khüree
or Urga at the given time that was used as a standard by several other monasteries.
The title of this document is Rebogijiyiyangdangsaddubling-yin qural nom¬
un unsily-a deglem cab manji jed terigtiten-yi Cuqum sin-e qayucin yosuyar
dangsa (‘Rules for Conducting Religious Services and Sermons of the
Rebogijayiyangdangsaddubling [Monastery] and Registry of Distribution of Meals,
Money, etc. according to Old and New Orders’). The front page is missing, the
document’s title and the date of its origin are given on page | (1) just after the initial
prayer (Om sain amuyulang boltuyai). Storage number BM 626. Typewritten copy,
thin Chinese paper, 26.5x26 cm, 131 ff., 7 folios are missing (14, 17, 23, 34, 44, 97,
118). Fol. 1 is duplicated.
As far the date of its writing, we found two different dates in the text: one is given
on page 1: “on the 10" of the last month of spring in the 20" year of Törü Gereltü”
(Törü gereltü-yin goriduyar on gaburun segül sarayin arbandu ...), the other one
on the last additional folio without pagination: “The book, explaining the rules and
precepts for holding different khurals in the Rebogijayiyangdangsaddubling Mo¬
nastery and explaining in details about the quantity of balins, offerings and of meals,
tea, money, things, etc., written on the 15" of the middle month of spring in the 20"
year of Törü Gereltü” (Törü gereltü-yin goriduyar on gaburun dumdadu sarayin ar¬
ban taban-u delgeregsen sayin edüre rebogejayiyangdangsaddubling-un eldeb qural
nom-un yorim deglem kiged baling takil ba mangci Cab jed terigüten-yi todorgayilan
güiceldegülün bicigsen dangsa).
Thus, the document was composed in the year of 1840, either on the 15" of the
middle month of spring or on the 10" of the last month of spring. It concludes on
fol. 131 (10) with the following words: “On the auspicious day of the full moon.”
Ribogejayiyandansaddubling (Tib. Ri bo dge rgyas dga’ Idan bshad sgrub gling)
is the Tibetan name of the monastery founded by Dsanabadzar in 1654 at the foot
15 Erdenebileg, B.: Mongolin stim xidin tiixés ... , p. 94.
16 Erdenebileg, B.: Mongolin stim xidin tiixés ... , p. 103.
169