Oldal 162 [162]
OCR
ALEXA PETER the Khalkha Mongolian community numbered 80 monks.’’ The training was almost the same at all of these monasteries but there were some specialities.” The community of large monasteries (Tib. tshogs chen) divided internally into semi-autonomous sub-monastic units called colleges (Tib. grwa tshang) devoted to larger areas of sciences (astrology, poetry, healing, etc.). Each colleges had their own estates, serfs, capital funds, endowments, officials, teaching curriculum, monks and an abbot. On the other hand, the monastery as a whole also had its own estates, capital funds and administrative officials and was headed by a committee of current and exabbots. Each monastic college was internally sub-divided into a number of named semi-autonomous residence units called quarters (Tib. Ahams tshan) which also had their own resources and officials.*' In colleges the monks of the same nationality or from the same region were grouped together in their own quarters. These quarters consisted of some buildings divided into apartments where the monks lived.” At Drepung and Sera lamaseries candidates from Mongolia were placed in one quarter. Within these quarters the monks could choose where they wanted to live depending on their financial backgrounds. For wealthier monks there were better and private rooms and for poorer monks there were simplier rooms which they had to share with some other monks. For the novices also had no private rooms of their own but merely serve a higher lama and lived with him. And one could also choose to stay outside the regional house.” In each Gelug monasteries in Lhasa had one monastic college where foreign monks could be enrolled. Most of the Buryat and Kalmyk monks who came to Lhasa for educational purposes entered the Gomang college (Tib. sGo mang grwa tsang) or Samlo dormitory (Tib. bSam blo khang mtshan) at Drepung monastery or Tsugol” college in Sera monastery. Very few Buryats chose to enter schools at other monasteries in Lhasa. If they did, it was invariably Jeba college (Tib. Byes ba grwa tsang) at Sera or Gyantse college (Tib. rGyan rtse grwa tsang) at Ganden. The Kalmyks enrolled in the Khamdon dormitory (Tib. Kham dong khang mtshan) at Sera where they were together with the Oirats. The Khalkha Mongols formed a separate group (Tib. mi tshan) in each monasteries.” Daily Routine of Monks Monks woke up before sunrise when a lama climbed up to the top of the assembly hall (Tib. ‘du khang) of Ganden and recited loudly a prayer for Tsongkhapa, calling Cybikov, Gombozab: Buddist-palomnik u svjatyn’ Tibeta. «Nauka» Sibirskoje Otdjeljenije, Novosibirsk, 1991, p. 106. 20 Cybikov, G.: Buddist-palomnik u svjatyn’ Tibeta, p. 148. 1 Goldstein, M. C.: Tibetan Buddhism ..., p. 9. 2 Goldstein, M. C.: Tibetan Buddhism ..., p. 20. 33 Cybikov, G.: Buddist-palomnik u svjatyn’ Tibeta, p. 149. Tsugol is located in western Transbalkania. Pidhainy, Thor: Tibet through the Eyes of a Buryat: Gombojab Tsybikov and his Tibetan relations. ASIA Network Exchange 20 (2013), Issue 2, p. 15. 160
