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BAATR U. KITINOV leader of Torgut Oirats, i.e. Kalmyks), came to meet the Dalai Lama along with this lama. This travel to Tibet happened after the great gathering of the western and eastern Mongolian leaders in autumn of 1640, when the well-known document — /kh tsaaz (Khal. Ix caj) — was accepted for solving the existing problems between these peoples and future wellbeing. Ensa Khutuktu was mentioned among the three most important lamas, who also played an important role in composing of Ikh tsaaz." Apparently, Daichin stayed in Dzungaria along with his sister, who married Batur hungtaiji (r. 1635-1653), the Dzungarian leader. In Dzungaria Daichin met Ensa Khutuktu, and they together travelled to Lhasa to bow to the Dalai Lama. Daichin, seems, was the first Torgut leader, who met the Tibetan leader: " “Sog po went to Kyisho,”'” and the Dalai Lama also travelled over there. “The senior and younger queens and Daichin received [from me] the principal religious and [objective] real parting things which they wanted. In tantric house [I] fulfilled the specially established lighting protective deity [ceremony] and also [I] presented [them] the khata with written Dharma protectors’ [words].”!% The relations of the Oirat Torguts with the Dalai Lama had been of special meaning. Torguts actively participated in Gushi Khan’s company against the Gelugpa’s enemies in 1637-1642, and, being far away from Tibet, nomadizing near Caspian shore, they did continue to keep the close relationship with Gelugpa leaders; many lamas from Torguts (Kalmyks) had been students in the Tibetan Gelugpa monasteries (mainly in Drepung’s faculties). Daichin is highly estimated in the historiography on Kalmyks, he is considered to be "the first unifier of the u/uses and the All-Kalmyk ruler,”'* who wanted “to form the united Kalmyk state in form of the khanate that was customary for them.”'* The famous Kalmyk historian Gabang Sherab (18" century) wrote about Daichin: “When Bogdoyin-geghen [Dalai Lama] sent Daichin a charter and a seal on the khan’s dignity, he sent them back, informing [him] about that “there are so many [people] equal to me, and that’s why I can’t be a khan,” for what many Oirat owners have praised him.'® Yumiko Ishihama gives a passage from the Manchurian document, which Ih caaz. Vjelikoje uloZjenije. Pamjatnik mongol ‘skogo fjeodal nogo prava XVII v. Izdatjel'stvo Nauka, Moskva 1981, p. 13. There was one more Torgut (Kalmyk) leader who met the Dalai Lama — Daichin’s grandson, famous Ayuka Khan, in January, 1682. Cf. Sangs rgyas rgya mtsho. Life of the Fifth Dalai Lama. Vol. IV. Tr. by Zahiruddin Ahmad. Aditya Prakashan, 1999, p. 298. 2 Tib. sog po rnams skyid shod du phebs — Ngag dbang blo bzang rgya mtsho: rGyal dbang Inga pa..., p. 223. Kyisho is the region near Lhasa. Tib. rgyal mo che chung dang dai chin gyis gtsos pa rnams la gang ‘dod kyi chos ‘brel dang dngos poi rdzong ba bzabs/ sngags khang du bkang gso btsugs thog chos skyong rnams la ‘phrin bcol bris pai snyan shal phul. Ngag dbang blo bzang rgya mtsho: rGyal dbang Inga pa..., p. 223. Istorija Kalmykii s drjevnjejsih vrjemjen do nasih dnjej. Izdatjel'skij dom «Gerel». Elista 2009, Vol. 1, p. 344. Istorija Kalmykii s drjevnjejsih vrjemjen ..., p. 344. Lunnyj svjet. Kalmyckije istoriko-litjeraturnyje pamjatniki. Kalmyckoje kinznoje izdatjel'stvo, Elista 2003, p. 92. 90
