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BAATR U. KITINOV
leader of Torgut Oirats, i.e. Kalmyks), came to meet the Dalai Lama along with
this lama. This travel to Tibet happened after the great gathering of the western and
eastern Mongolian leaders in autumn of 1640, when the well-known document — /kh
tsaaz (Khal. Ix caj) — was accepted for solving the existing problems between these
peoples and future wellbeing. Ensa Khutuktu was mentioned among the three most
important lamas, who also played an important role in composing of Ikh tsaaz."
Apparently, Daichin stayed in Dzungaria along with his sister, who married Batur
hungtaiji (r. 1635-1653), the Dzungarian leader. In Dzungaria Daichin met Ensa
Khutuktu, and they together travelled to Lhasa to bow to the Dalai Lama. Daichin,
seems, was the first Torgut leader, who met the Tibetan leader: "
“Sog po went to Kyisho,”'” and the Dalai Lama also travelled over there. “The
senior and younger queens and Daichin received [from me] the principal religious
and [objective] real parting things which they wanted. In tantric house [I] fulfilled
the specially established lighting protective deity [ceremony] and also [I] presented
[them] the khata with written Dharma protectors’ [words].”!%
The relations of the Oirat Torguts with the Dalai Lama had been of special
meaning. Torguts actively participated in Gushi Khan’s company against the
Gelugpa’s enemies in 1637-1642, and, being far away from Tibet, nomadizing
near Caspian shore, they did continue to keep the close relationship with Gelugpa
leaders; many lamas from Torguts (Kalmyks) had been students in the Tibetan
Gelugpa monasteries (mainly in Drepung’s faculties).
Daichin is highly estimated in the historiography on Kalmyks, he is considered to
be "the first unifier of the u/uses and the All-Kalmyk ruler,”'* who wanted “to form
the united Kalmyk state in form of the khanate that was customary for them.”'* The
famous Kalmyk historian Gabang Sherab (18" century) wrote about Daichin: “When
Bogdoyin-geghen [Dalai Lama] sent Daichin a charter and a seal on the khan’s dig¬
nity, he sent them back, informing [him] about that “there are so many [people] equal
to me, and that’s why I can’t be a khan,” for what many Oirat owners have praised
him.'® Yumiko Ishihama gives a passage from the Manchurian document, which
Ih caaz. Vjelikoje uloZjenije. Pamjatnik mongol ‘skogo fjeodal nogo prava XVII v. Izdatjel'stvo Nauka,
Moskva 1981, p. 13.
There was one more Torgut (Kalmyk) leader who met the Dalai Lama — Daichin’s grandson, famous
Ayuka Khan, in January, 1682. Cf. Sangs rgyas rgya mtsho. Life of the Fifth Dalai Lama. Vol. IV. Tr.
by Zahiruddin Ahmad. Aditya Prakashan, 1999, p. 298.
2 Tib. sog po rnams skyid shod du phebs — Ngag dbang blo bzang rgya mtsho: rGyal dbang Inga pa...,
p. 223. Kyisho is the region near Lhasa.
Tib. rgyal mo che chung dang dai chin gyis gtsos pa rnams la gang ‘dod kyi chos ‘brel dang dngos
poi rdzong ba bzabs/ sngags khang du bkang gso btsugs thog chos skyong rnams la ‘phrin bcol bris
pai snyan shal phul. Ngag dbang blo bzang rgya mtsho: rGyal dbang Inga pa..., p. 223.
Istorija Kalmykii s drjevnjejsih vrjemjen do nasih dnjej. Izdatjel'skij dom «Gerel». Elista 2009, Vol.
1, p. 344.
Istorija Kalmykii s drjevnjejsih vrjemjen ..., p. 344.
Lunnyj svjet. Kalmyckije istoriko-litjeraturnyje pamjatniki. Kalmyckoje kinznoje izdatjel'stvo, Elista
2003, p. 92.
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