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PRELIMINARY NOTES ON TIBETAN AFTER-DEATH RITES AND THEIR TEXTS IN MONGOLIAN BUDDHIST PRACTICE related practices and texts used, ceremonies and practice of readings upon individual request following death, making consultations with specialized astrologer lamas who do the calculations after someone’s death and other specialist lamas, observing ceremonies and related readings and rituals, as well as studying and analysing the related ritual texts. The ritual practice will be studied in the context of the modern Mongolian circumstances, dealing with the question of how these death rituals were revived in Mongolia after 1989 in the new democratic socio-political situation. The possible differences between the practices of different traditions / monasteries / lamas and the reasons for these differences (Yellow Sect / Red Sect temples, specialized monasteries, or deriving from different traditions followed / different main deities worshipped, etc.), as well as the differences from the Tibetan Buddhist after-death rites will be analysed, too. Further details are needed to gain a much complex view of how this fits into the current everyday practices in modern Mongolian temples (fixed ceremonial schedule and chantings on request). The main emphasis during the planned fieldworks will be not on the personal participation at rites connected to someone’s death, but on details of the text usage (and its differences between the different traditions and temples), details of the practice of performing the individual rituals in the schedule of after-death rites, specifications or instructions for performing the given rites and details of when the individual texts are used exactly after death, text typology and text analysis, mainly based on information gained in interviews with the specialist lamas.*° Bibliography Agöcs, Tamäs: Tibeti halottaskönyv. A bardo utmutatas nagykönyve. Cartaphilus Könyvkiadö, Budapest 2009 [The Tibetan Book of the Dead. The Great Book of Guidance in the Bardo] Arwis, A. (ed.): Mongolin xid dacangiidad xurax xuralin tine, nersin jagsalt, towé agilga. Ulanbatar 2001 [Prices, List of Titles, and Short Contents of Ceremonies Held in Mongolian Monasteries] Bat-Irédiii, J. — Ariyasiiren, C.: Mongol yos jansilin ix tailbar tol’. Ulsin Ix Surgilin Xewlel, Ulanbatar 1999 [The Great Explanatory Dictionary of Mongolian Customes] Bawden, C. R.: A Note on a Mongolian Burial Ritual. Studia Orientalia 74, Helsinki (1977), pp. 25-35. Bawden, C. R.: A Mongolian Ritual for Calling the Soul. Asia Major Vol. 15. (1970), Part 2, pp. 145-158. * The current article was written in 2015. Afterwards, in 2016 and 2017 I had the possibility for fieldwork and resarch on the topic, therefore most of the research planned here had already been executed by the publication of this volume. However, the outcomes could not be incorporated in this article, but are published in my other, new articles. 371
