Oldal 100 [100]
98 VIKTOR GLIED
1. This is mainly effective in non-democratic countries: the population is not
informed of the development until they no longer have a chance to change
it. Those concerned may feel they are victims of injustice, with decisions being
taken over their heads. Conflicts might start which drag on for many years,
but neither party will obtain any benefits, so eventually there are no “winners”.
2. Another method is compensation: the developer compensates the settlement,
region or country while loudly voicing the economic usefulness of the
development (higher tax revenues, creation of jobs, innovations, subcontracting
possibilities, etc.). The expected profit overrides the obviously negative impacts.
3. Under the third scenario, the developer and decision-makers collaborate with
the local population and local and national NGOs to create alternative plans,
optional sites, alternative methods of production or operation and clean — or
at least cleaner — technology. In such cases, partnership, publicity and constant
communication are effective and, as a result of the collective work, trust can
be generated among all affected parties and solutions can be born which
reassure everyone (Szanté 2008).
Recommended readings
Homer-Dixon, Thomas 1991. On the Threshold: Environmental Changes and Acute
Conflict, International Security, 16/2: 76-116.
The population of the Earth reached 8 billion in 2022. In the coming decades, the use
and depletion of renewable natural resources (arable land, fresh water reserves, forests,
etc.) are going to increase. We have to expect growing gaps between social groups as
well as several social conflicts right down to the level of armed clashes caused by the
scarcity of resources in certain countries. In this book, the author examines the social
conflicts caused by environmental problems in the developing world.
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