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ABSTRACTS
THE HUMAN INTELLIGENCE ACTIVITIES OF HUNAGIRAN MILITARY
RECONNAISSANCE IN THE 1968 CZECHOSLOVAKIA INTERVENTION
Ádám Lajos Csík
Intelligence gathering was as crucial a factor in the decades of the Cold War as
the economy, technology, or the ability to project military force. As part of my
research conducted within the framework of the 2022/23 UNKP program, I have
chosen to present the topic of intelligence gathering carried out by personnel on
the ground, which is part of the activities of the 2nd Group Command of the
Hungarian People’s Army General Staff, as the main theme of my study. Through
summarizing the activities, tasks, and operations of human intelligence, my aim
is to illustrate, using a practical example, the environment and possibilities
through which military intelligence attempted to expand its operations into a
friendly country. Of particular interest is the type of information collection
deemed important by the leaders of Hungarian military reconnaissance. I believe
that this aspect, which has received less attention so far, can provide a further
contribution to the history of Hungarian military involvement in the 1968 in¬
tervention.
CONDITIONAL INSUBORDINATE (INDEPENDENT) CLAUSES IN HUNGARIAN
Csilla Ilona Dér
The study investigates the occurrence of insubordinate conditional clauses in
Hungarian through a corpus analysis and a questionnaire survey. On the one
hand, the results show that, although they are very rare, they do exist, especial¬
ly in the language of fiction. On the other hand, the questionnaire study shows
that variants of the insubordinate conditional clauses with the ha "if" conjunction
combined with interjections are accepted as optative sentences, while those with
the hogyha ’if’ conjunction are not. Native Hungarian speakers do not consider
some instances of the optative particles (csak ’(if) only’) as already existing in
spoken and written language. Statistical analysis shows that there is no significant
difference between young and middle-aged respondents in terms of the variables
examined.
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