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nswt,® however, it seems that differences in the functional features and the usage of the
two titles depended on the quality and context in which the titleholder was represented.
On the monuments — primarily those of funerary, votive and offering context — which
represent the official in his position as a courtier, or in his function as a personal atten¬
dant in the entourage and service of the ruler within the royal household and royal
administration, the individual is designated by the title wb3 nswt ‘royal wb3’. At the same
time, in sources which render an account of a particular mission, a special assignment
ordered by the king with the participation of the official far from the person of the ruler
and from the royal court, the person was designated as wdpw nswt ‘royal wdpw’.
Based on the division of the appearance of the two titles in the sources of this corpus,
at first sight, one might agree with Gregersen in her conclusion that the writing of the
title as wb3 nswt or wdpw nswt — she did not make a difference in meaning between the
two titles — primarily depended on the type of media and the type of writing in which
they appeared, namely it was written in the form of wb3 nswt on sources of monumen¬
tal character with hieroglyphic signs and in the form of wdpw nswt on papyrus, ostracon
or graffito with hieratic signs.””° However, the differentiation of the usage of the two
titles based exclusively on the type of media is not clear at this point. It must be noted
that in respect to the available sources examined during the research, there are no
examples of the word wb3 written with hieratic writing on papyrus or ostracon occur¬
ring, but at the same time, the word wdpw is attested several times written on a
monumental source that might contradict Gregersen’s theory. Moreover, there are some
examples where both titles are attested by the same individual and their usage supports
the division of the two titles according to the functional representation of the officials
mentioned above. (For the division of the two titles on different types of media, see
table 2. in the Appendix.)
The different nature and purpose of the monuments of Ramessesashahebused nicely
demonstrate the feature of his designations as wh} nswt or wdpw nswt. While his stelae
from Serabit el-Khadim which were erected to commemorate a particular mission where
Ramessesashahebused had been sent to by the king as his personal agent identify him
as wdpw nswt, the rock-stele at Abu Simbel, which is a dedicatory monument, represented
him in the aspect of his permanent function, as a high ranking official and a courtier in
the highest circles in the royal palace.” Ramessesemperre appears on his monuments
789 For a detailed discussion on the reading of the two words wh3 and wdpw, see chapter I.1. on p. 21.
#° Gregersen, 2007, 845-846.
791 For a discussion on Ramessesashahebused, see p. 181, for his inscriptions, see p. 457.