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Menmaatrenakht under Ramesses XI, while the title jmj-r3 pr hd ‘overseer of the treasury’ occurs only during the Ramesside period, by Sety under Ramesses II, Nesamun and Amenhotep under Ramesses IX, and by the above-mentioned Menmaatrenakht under Ramesses XI. Both of the titles were extended with special reference to the ruler himself as n nb t3.wj ‘of the lord of the Two Lands’, n pr 3 ‘of the Pharaoh’ or n nswt ‘of the king’ demonstrating that the departments did not belong to the state administration, but to that of the royal palace and the ruler himself. Nevertheless, there are some titles borne by the officials which indicate their activity in the state administration as well. During the reign of Thutmose III, Qenamun is represented on his statues as h3¢j- n Mn-nfr ‘mayor of Memphis’ and jmj-r3 snw.tj ‘overseer of the double granary’, this time without any extension referring to the ruler.” These two titles, especially appearing together, definitely connect its bearer to the highest sphere of the central government of the country, as the mayor as a settlement-leader was in charge not only of ensuring a sufficient food supply for the population but also for the collection and transportation of the taxes as well as grain and other commodities.”* The same is true for the position of Sety under Ramesses II who, among other important titles, acted as jmj-r3 htm.t ‘overseer of the sealed things’.*° The person in this position was one of the most important officials at the royal court during the Middle Kingdom, at least during the 18"" dynasty, responsible for managing the commodities of the royal palace and working closely together with the vizier.”* In some cases, it seems obvious that offices belonging to the royal household or royal administration must have been gained in return for a functional service of an individual as ‘royal wb? at the beginning of their career, however, promotions to the highest ranking positions in the royal and occasionally in the state administration might also have been the result of the confidential relationship of the official with the ruler himself, moreover, both of the reasons can be true at the same time. Since in most cases there is 7 For a discussion on Qenamun, see p. 115, for the inscription on his statue, see [3.1] Stelophor statue on p. 348. 8 Helck, 1958, 235-236; van den Boorn, 1988, 242-243; Van Siclen III, 1991, 159; Gessler-Löhr, 1997, 36. # For a discussion on Sety, see p. 194, for the inscription on his statue, see [48] Block statue, Cairo, JE 33263 on p. 480. >4 van den Boorn, 1988, 61, 311; Quirke, 2004, 48-49; Grajetzki, 2013, 215, 219. According to Grajetzki, 2013, 239, it has been proposed that the property of the king was separated from the property of the state, according to which idea, the commodities of the king were administered by the jmj-r3 htm.t ‘overseer of the sealed things’, and those of the state by the pr-hd ‘overseer of the double treasury’, however, there is no evidence for such a division, and person who bore the title ‘overseer of sealed things’ often held that of ‘overseer of the double treasury’ as well, but in the Middle Kingdom it was rather an honorific title than a functional one.
