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hold. Similar progress can be observed in the case of Montuiui regarding his
responsibility over the private sector of the ruler in the palace. In the inscription of his
autobiographical stele,¥° Montuiui declares that he grew up in the palace under the reign
of Thutmose III,” and at the beginning of his career he served as b3k n jp.t nswt ‘servant
of the royal apartments’,”” then under the reign of Amenhotep II he was promoted as
all the offices of the palace had been placed under his authority. This is supposed to
mean that he might have been appointed to jmj-r? jp.t nswt ‘overseer of the royal
apartments’, a position which was also filled by Hesinetjeref during the 19" dynasty.”
The service of the ‘royal wb3s’ in the royal administration is attested through the whole
period of the New Kingdom by their functional titles. Maaninakhtef, under the reign
of Amenhotep II, held several functional titles,” all of them are some sort of jmj-r3
‘overseer’ in different areas of the royal domain, such as that of the servants, the double
granary, the bread, the cattle, the arable lands, the bread and the peasants of the king.
Except for the two latter ones, every title has a specific indicative to the ruler, clearly
expressing that the titles, as well as the functions themselves, refer to the private proper¬
ties of the king and not those of the state.*° The stewardship, with the responsibility of
inspecting and administering the affairs of the private domains of the ruler, was rather
frequent among the ‘royal wb3s’, as attested by Sennefer and Neferrenpet (1) under
Amenhotep III, by Ipay under Tutankhamun, by Sethherwenemef and Sety under
Ramesses II, as well as by Ines and Pameriamun under Ramesses XI.
Two additional functional titles appear on more than one occasion among the ‘royal
wb3s’ in the area of the royal administration. The title jmj-r3 snw.f ‘overseer of the dou¬
ble granary’ is attested by Maaninakhtef from the reign of Amenhotep II and by
»° For a discussion on Montuiui, see p. 123, for his tomb inscriptions, see [7.1] Theban Tomb 172 on
P- 357.
5: According to Bryan, he also bore the epithet hrd n k3p ‘child of the kap’, however, this is not explic¬
itly mentioned on the stele. Bryan, 2006, 96.
32 According to Taylor, he is the only known bearer of this title in the 18"" dynasty. Al-Ayedi does not
even mention the title. Taylor, 2001, 107; Al-Ayedi, 2006, 265.
"3 Bryan also refers to his appointment to jmj r3 pr nswt ‘steward of the king’. Bryan, 1991, 258.
34 For a discussion on Hesinetjeref, see p. 177.
* For a discussion on Maaninakhtef, see p. 132, for his inscriptions, see p. 367.
"36 Helck, 1958, 103-104. Quirke does not see any evidence in the Middle Kingdom sources for private
property of the king and for national land-holdings, as he notes, the king(ship) is the state, so he
does not see the high steward as the manager of the private land-holdings of the king either. Quirke,
2004, 11. However, according to these titles, there was definitely a distinction between the two prop¬
erties during the 18" dynasty, and a clear difference can be seen between the organization of the
civil and royal administration, as Grandet names these spheres, they were responsible for the state
and the royal administration respectively. See Grandet, 2013, 865-875.