Oldal 108 [108]
OCR
IZOLDA TAKÁCS: THROUGH A GLASS DARKLY By guoting certain parts of the interviews, I intend to demonstrate the exact traditional as well as brand-new issues female scientists have or could have faced during the era of state socialism. The fact that state socialism brought profound changes and fundamentally transformed the previous social structure is commonly known. Furthermore, all this was joined with significant changes in worldview and reasoning. The most expressive way to illustrate how impactful the characteristics in mentality introduced in this era were is to point to certain mental conditionings which people could not shed even after the end of socialism.” The results of in-depth interview research done by Maria Neményi show, for example, that the majority of people socialised during the decades of state socialism could not clearly separate the role of the state and the employer even in the 2000s. Thus, they have attributed certain benefits, such as GYED [child care fee], company nursery or kindergarten, etc. even after 2000 to the state.*** The same heritage can also be observed with regards to their relationship toward the public sphere and politics. Inspecting the participation in politics in Hungary during the turn of the millennium as well as the characteristics of domestic political activity, certain researchers have found that paternalism, the need for a nanny state, still has a heavy presence as a heritage of the Kadar-era of sorts. Moreover, the lack of interest towards public matters, social atomisation and the lack of “civil courage” is also present to this day.*” All this ingrainedness could remain so apparent and persistent because the ideological and political set of requirements and conditions existed from 1948 until 1989, and it only changed, during all this time, insofar as the totalitarian model adopted a trait in the mid-60s which we could call “weakening authoritarian”.* RIGHTS, RESPONSIBILITIES, TOLERATIONS AND BANS IN THE SHADOW OF STATE IDEOLOGY The equal political and civil rights of men and women have been codified as fundamental rights and embedded into the Constitution in our country after World War II (Hungarian Constitution, Act XX of 1949), furthermore, the right of women to education, free choice of career and occupation has also 297 Valuch, T.: Magyar hétköznapok. Fejezetek a mindennapi élet történetéből a második világháborútól az ezredfordulóig, Budapest, Napvilág, 2013, 7. 298 Neményi, M.: Család és családpolitika, Szociológiai Szemle 2003, 1, 26. 299 Valuch, T.: ,Ne szólj szám...". A politikai részvétel és a politikai aktivitás néhány sajátossága az ezredforduló Magyarországán, Metszetek. Társadalomtudományi Folyóirat, Vol. 2, No. 2-3, 2013, 153. 300 Valuch, T.: A magyar művelődés 1948 után, in Kósa, L. (ed.): Magyar müvelödestörtenet, Budapest, Osiris, 1998, 461. + 106
