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WOMEN IN THE SCIENTIFIC ELITE
feminists. These are denominated as “traditional women”. Those, however, who
(3) identify strongly with both women and feminists have been assigned to the
group of “dual identifiers”. Those women who (4) have a strong identification with
feminists but a low identification with women have been associated with the so¬
called “distinctive feminist” group.”?
This typology overlaps with the gender identity model (GIM) of Becker and
Wagner," who have also created four distinctive groups. These are (1) pro¬
gressive identifiers, (2) traditional identifiers, (3) progressive non-identifiers
and (4) traditional non-identifiers.”° The GIM is, however, based on an approach
conceptualising gender identity through two completely independent dimen¬
sions (traditional and progressive), while the aspects taken into consideration
by Van Breen and associates (identification with women and feminists) are not
completely separate from each other, but instead are orthogonal components
of gender identity, and jointly signify identity components.
The model of Becker and Wagner nevertheless defines identification with
the cluster of women by its strength on one hand (which can be low or high),
and its content (traditional or progressive) on the other.”
High gender
identification
Progressively Traditionally
identified identified
Progressive 5 > Traditional
identity content identity content
Progressively non- | Traditionally non¬
identified identified
Low gender
identification
Figure 1. Gender Identity Model, Becker- Wagner, 2009: 489
253 Ibidem.
254 Becker and Wagner used the concept elaborated on by Susan Condor in her paper Womanhood
as an Aspect of Social Identity: Group Identification and Ideology as a foundation for creating
the GIM. The same paper served to create the categories found in this paper as well.
The sample Becker and Wagner used consisted of 250 women participating voluntarily in the
survey. Their age was between 20 and 65 years (an average age of 42 years). 22% of the par¬
ticipants had a high school diploma, 31% a university degree. 82% of the participants were
employees, 47% of which had full-time, 53% part-time jobs. 3% of them were homo- or bisex¬
ual. The 2nd sample was similar to the 1st: 222 women participated, their age ranged from
16 to 66 years (26 on average). The 3rd sample consisted of 106 women, ages between 16 and
61 years, average age 27 years. The 2nd and 3rd survey was carried out online (Becker-Wag¬
ner: Doing Gender Differently).
Becker-Wagner: Doing Gender Differently; Vida—Kovacs: A token helyzet, 53.
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