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IZOLDA TAKÁCS: THROUGH A GLASS DARKLY there is a risk that whomen, particularly due to their use of language, suffer discrimination during admission talks. As a result, the issue also has an economic aspect, as these organisations may potentially lose those who are objectively the best for the position. Ihis could be the case because most HR managers do not know the language differences between men and women, the language use of applicants is thus often measured in male “norms”, and differences are usually interpreted as weaknesses (see also “white solipsism”!*). However, if they were already aware of the gender-based differences in language use, they might be able to avoid rejecting those who are professionally the most suitable candidates for that job and could significantly increase the competitiveness of an organisation.” This further justifies the argument that merit trails behind only after the matter of sex (even if the stereotype is indirectly present). Beata Nagy’s research also underpins the results of social psychological studies that women becoming leaders in higher numbers is not so much based on individual abilities as it is on social conditions.!!? The judgment of performance, therefore, often differs by the two sexes. This is further substantiated by the so-called “Goldberg paradigm” named after Philip Goldberg’s 1968 experiment. During this, two groups of students had to evaluate the same essays, the only difference being that the first group was told the author was a man, while it has been presented as a work of a woman to the second. The result has shown that the deeply rooted gender prejudices we are discussing ultimately blurred the objectivity of the evaluator. Except for the traditional women’s topics, texts with a female author were evaluated worse than the ones with a male author, despite being in fact the same." The results, therefore, basically show that work attributed to women is rated more negatively than that attributed to men."" Nóra Séllei, in her work Professzornők a Debreceni Egyetemen (Women Professors at the University of Debrecen], presented research done at Yale University in 2015, which showed that 116 As mentioned before, Williams speaks about the concept of “white solipsism” by Adrienne Rich (1979), the notion that white experience is the norm, the mean, the model of all other groups. If others differ from the white norm, they are considered to be “exceptions” (Williams: The Glass Escalator, Revisited). 17 Dietz: Frauen und Männer. 48 Nagy, B.: Nők a vezetésben, in Nagy, I. - Pongräcz, T. — Toth, I. Gy. (eds.): Szerepvaltozasok. Jelentés a nők és férfiak helyzetéről 2005, Budapest, Tárki, Ifjúsági, Családügyi, Szociális és Esélyegyenlőségi Minisztérium, 2005, 44-56. 1 Cf. MacNell, L. - Driscoll, A. - Hunt, A. N.: What's in a Name: Exposing Gender Bias in Student Ratings of Teaching. Innovative Higher Education, 40(4), 2014, 291-303. 20 See J. K. Swim, E. Borgida, G. Maruyama, D.G. Myers, 1989; M. E. Heilman, 1983; V. Nieva —B. A.Gutek, 1980, quoted by Burgess, D. — Borgida, E.: Who Women are, who women should be. Descriptive and Prescriptive Gender Stereotyping in Sex Discrimination, Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 1999, 5(3), 671. + 48 e
