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EQUAL RIGHTS BETWEEN SEXES Philosophical and practical issues of equal rights, anomalies, excerpts from criminal and labour laws ——o— INTRODUCTION After the first generation of human rights — the civil and political rights and liberties (the right to vote, freedom of religion, freedom of expression, the right to legal capacity, etc.) — had been codified, an even more sophisticated codification followed with the second generation of human rights introducing the fields of economic and social rights. Guaranteeing the right to work and education for women equalled a significant social opportunity and opened the way for them to the areas outside the family. Simultaneously, the United Nations and the Council of Europe have also included agreements in their defence activities solidified with regards to requirements of equal treatment, i.e. the prohibition of discrimination. Therefore, the prohibition of discrimination itself is not just another right in the international catalogue of human rights, but has become a cornerstone of the application of human rights.’ It has also rapidly become clear that, in order for fundamental rights to be put into practice, equality before the law will not suffice — equal opportunities must be realized. Despite the recognition of the above, despite the fact that the equal rights are guaranteed at the national and the international level, despite the requirement of equal treatment, despite the cogent legislation on non-discrimination, direct and indirect gender discrimination continues to exist. It can still be observed, for example, in the underrepresentation of women in leadership roles, in the dilemmas of work-life reconciliation (which markedly affects women), and in lower wages. But discrimination is also present in job interviews. This refers primarily to employers who still look to a particular group of women as a “dangerous workforce”,* because domestic parenting or nurturing roles are still predominantly the responsibility of women (“disadvantage of maternity”). Despite the fact that both national and international regulations ? Kazuska, M.: A diszkrimináció tilalma az Európai Unióban, Sectio juridica et politica, Miskolc, Tomus XXIX/1, 2011, 225. 3 Monori, G.: Esélyegyenlőség és feminista jog — a női jogok pragmatikus érvényesülése. PhD thesis, Pécs, 2011, https://ajk.pte.hu/sites/ajk.pte.hu/files/file/doktori-iskola/monori-gabor/ monori-gabor-vedes-ertekezes.pdf (accessed 12 October 2019), 144. + ]7 «+
