Oldal 9 [9]
INTRODUCTION
——o—
While there is no legal barrier to women being represented at the Hungarian
Academy of Sciences [Magyar Tudomänyos Akadémia] in equal proportion,
this book seeks an explanation why there is still a significant disproportion,
evident in the results of the academic elections in Hungary in 2016, which
shows a clear inequality between male and female scientists.
The primary goal of the volume is to present the career paths of female aca¬
demics and doctors of science, to show gender stereotypes that still exist among
scientists, and to explore the factors that helped and hindered them in their
careers. In addition, it addresses whether any inhibitory factors had aspects that
can be traced back to gender discrimination. Also of interest is how the doctors
of science and/or academics of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences have man¬
aged to overcome obstacles posed by traditional roles.
While focusing on these topics and questions, the book also deals with the
general problems relevant to gender roles in society. There are chapters that
highlight the declarations of legal equalities, general philosophical questions
about the origin of gender inequalities, and binary oppositions and the problems
of workplace administration and the administrative atmosphere connected to
gender prejudices.
The introduction will describe the aim of the research in more detail, as
well as describing the specific empirical method, the whole research process,
its main points and will present a brief summary of the results to provide a
coherent framework for the chapters in this volume.
The first chapter, “Equal rights between sexes. Philosophical and practical
issues of equal rights, anomalies, excerpts from criminal and labour laws”, out¬
lines the rules that have created full gender equality, starting from the first
generation of human rights to equal treatment and then positive discrimination,
also briefly referring to theoretical foundations. It also points out areas where,
besides ius cogens, the disadvantages of women in everyday practice have re¬
mained particularly significant. The second part of the chapter addresses the
main issues of criminal law and workplace discrimination, supported by exam¬
ples. This is necessary because examples of labour law and criminal justice
practice most clearly illustrate why it is not enough to ensure equality before the
law. At the same time, the need for much more gender-sensitive legislation and
legal redress is formulated, especially in the areas mentioned above.
+7