Page 194 [194]
OCR
BORBÁLA ZSUZSANNA TÖRÖK "Die Regierung die Bevölkerung auf das höchste zu treiben zu bemüht seyn soll. (...) Das Kenntniß der Bevölkerung ist also bey allen Theilen der öffentlichen Verwaltung unentbehrlich: die Mittel, dieselbe im Ganzen und ihren Theilen zu übersehen, gehören also keinem Zweige der Staatswissenschaft insbesondere an, sie gehören (...) zu allen.”*° II Originally a formal academic discipline, Staatenkunde increasingly drew on empirical findings and incorporated administrative data. In the course of the nineteenth century the fusion of the two strands of knowledge production led to the shaping of statistical methods as known today. Authors in the academic system, isolated from the spheres of administrative decision making, had limited access to empirical data. Their works often discussed the administrative resources of the state in an abstract, theoretical manner, with little reference to actual politics. The latter required personal experience in the county or central administration, or at least contact with influential officials, as was the case with two very influential Protestant reform intellectuals of the post-Josephist decades, Gergely Berzeviczy and his attentive reader and compiler, Martin Schwartner. These scholars did not only describe, but, proceeding in the manner of August Ludwig Schlozer, criticized the status quo.” Berzeviczy, and later Schwartner, calculated average values of land extension, population density, and other data concerning the production of agricultural produces. They compared their data with similar data from other countries, in order to assess the material-economic and legal-administrative status of Hungary in a European framework.” Both of them arrived at the conclusion 30 SONNENFELS, Joseph von, Grundsdtze der Polizey, Handlung, und Finanz, Vol. 1, Wien, Kurzbeck, 1787, 5th ed., reprint 2003, 26. Other examples that underline the importance of knowing the population and of the riches of the territory include DEMIAN, Johann Andreas, Versuch über die Staatskräfte der österreichischen Monarchie in Beziehung auf Europa, Wien, Germanien, 1797.; Id., Versuch über die Staatskräfte der österreichischen Monarchie in Beziehung auf Europa, Wien, 1805, 2nd ed. Demian finds it important to establish the “number of working population” and the number of “tax-free, for the state costly” part of the population. See Idem, 66. Örı, Péter — PAKOT, Levente, Census and census-like material pre-served in the archives of Hungary, Slovakia and Transylvania (Romania), 18-19th centuries. MPIDR working paper WP 2011-020 December 2011. BERZEVICZY, Ungarns Industrie und Kommerz, See in particular KLUETING, Harm, Die Lehre von der Macht der Staaten. Das außenpolitische Machtproblem in der “politischen Wissenschaft” und in der praktischen Politik im 18. Jahrhundert, Berlin, Duncker und Humblot, 1986. * 192 +
