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ZSUZSANNA MIRNICS routine practice, and thus, identify the possibly best mediator variables from ‘practice-based evidence’.’” What do we know from “practice-based evidence”? We have repeated findings showing that the ability to establish and maintain the supervision relationship is probably the single most important requirement of effective supervision." Effective experts have empathy, support, flexibility, instruction, knowledge, interest in supervision, good tracking of supervisees, are interpretative, respectful, focused and practical. They care about the supervisee’s self-confidence and the relationship itself. Feedback is another essential component of supervision, supporting the supervisee in becoming aware of strengths and weaknesses. Effective supervisors apply covert strategies to support learning, and they even sometimes reframe questions so the wrong answer becomes correct. The third possible component of the emerging “practice-based” model is be the active learning approach. Effective supervisors give responsibilities and opportunities to carry out procedures; they offer involvement and give directions. The supervisee has therefore control over the supervision process, positioned as ‘an active participant, instead of being the passive recipient of support’.’® OUTLOOK The last two decades have seen emphasis on measurable outputs, rationalised service, efficiency, effectiveness, performance management and quality assurance. This created new priorities which filtered into the supervision process. The new focus on best practice has created a renewed conversation about professional practice and new opportunities for debate.”° Discussions of case related practice in the areas of personal and professional development are vital in support of professional practice and client outcome. A reflective approach is essential to bring together theory, tacit knowledge and transformative personal experience.”! Research continues, and each practitioner, client, supervisor 7 F, R. Margison — G. McGrath — M. Barkham — J. Mellor Clark — K. Audin — J. Connell C. Evans, Measurement and psychotherapy: Evidence based practice and practice-based evidence, British Journal of Psychiatry 177 (2000) 123-130. Henderson, P., A Different Wisdom: Reflections on Supervision Practice: Guide to Supervision, Volume 1, Karnac, 2009. 1% Davys, 2005. M. Carroll — M. Tholstrup, Integrative Approaches to Supervision, London, Jessica Kingsley, 2001. J. Fook — F. Gardner, Practising Critical Reflection: A Handbook, Open University Press, London, 2007. + % +
