Oldal 73 [73]
OPTIMALITY THEORY IN ANALYZING BILINGUAL USE
Tableau 4: Interaction of PERSPECTIVE and POWER (PERSPECTIVE 22 POWER)
Candidates FAITH | PERSPECTIVE | FACE | POWER | SOLIDARITY
— (a) “They do
nothing, they say
kashmiriyon ko *
pahle khud organize
hona paRhegaa”
(b) “They do nothing,
they say “Kashmiris
should first them- *
selves get orga¬
nized”
Adopting an empirically-based, inductive way of logic, it can be detected that
the actual surface representation is the code-switched one, which complies
more optimally with the socio-pragmatic function of Perspective necessitated
by the situation than the monolingual candidate. The switch, however, violates
the constraint of Power. Relying on the fundamental premise of OT that the
most optimal candidate, the actual output cannot violate the higher ranked
constraint, the constraint of Perspective must outrank the constraint of Power.
As Faith, Face, and Solidarity are not activated by this utterance, more
data must be provided to determine their rank in interaction with the other
constraints and one another.
The interaction of Face, with Power and Solidarity is shown in Example [17].
In this example, the switch to English indicates how it fulfils the principle of
Face by mitigating a face-threatening request. The switch is also an example
of fulfilling the constraint of Power, violating the constraint of Solidarity.
Example [17] — The interaction of FACE, POWER and SOLIDARITY
1 A “mujhe paise kii kabhii zarurat paRhegii, J will ask B.”
(‘When/If I need money I will ask B.’)
(cited by Bhatt and Bolonyai)'*
The intended socio-pragmatic function of this utterance is to enable the
speaker to avoid or mitigate a face-threatening act, the potential act of negative
politeness, when he is borrowing money from B. In this multilingual speech
community, there are three candidates to fulfill this intended function through
surface realization: the monolingual Hindi, the code-switch to English, or to
Kashmiri. In this community, each code has a clear role: English is the official
186 Bhatt — Bolonyai, Ibid., 539
«71°