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CHAPTER 4 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK Tableau 2: Interaction of POWER and SOLIDARITY (POWER >> SOLIDARITY) Candidates FAITH PERSPECTIVE FACE POWER SOLIDARITY — (a) “mujhe nahiN cahiye but you should demand what is yours” (b) ‘mujhe nahiN cahiye, magar tohyi gasyi panun hakh mangun’ *] Ihe constraints are arranged in columns following the hypothetical ranking. The candidates are arranged in rows. Ihe stars indicate the constraint that a given candidate violates. Ihe candidate violating the highest ranked constraint is indicated by an exclamation point. As has been pointed out earlier, in this particular linguistic utterance, two constraints are active, Power and Solidarity. The monolingual candidate would comply with Solidarity but would violate Power. The English code-switch, however, would act contrarily, complying with Power, but violating Solidarity. Adopting an empirically-based, inductive approach, it can be detected that out of the two candidates, the English codeswitch has become the actual surface representation (indicated by a horizontal arrow). As OT for the analysis of bilingual use relies on the notion of optimality, it can be computed from the actual surface representation that the English code-switch must be a more optimal candidate than the monolingual one. As the candidates undergo a hierarchically arranged set of constraints filtering optimality, the actual surface representation complying, in this particular utterance, with the constraint of Power violating the constraint of Solidarity indicates that the constraint of Power must outrank Solidarity. Therefore, the empirically-based, inductive, computational approach reinforces the hypothetical order of Power outranking Solidarity. Further examples have been provided to show the relation of the other three constraints vis-a-vis one another. Example [15] provides evidence of Faith outranking Power. Example [15] — The interaction of FAITH and POWER 1 A “(...) The saat pheras (‘seven circumnavigations’) around the agni 2 (‘fire’) serves as a lakshman rekha (‘line one does not cross’)”. (cited by Bhatt and Bolonyai)!* 183 Bhatt — Bolonyai, Ibid., 538 * 68 ¢
