Oldal 70 [70]
CHAPTER 4 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
Tableau 2: Interaction of POWER and SOLIDARITY (POWER >> SOLIDARITY)
Candidates FAITH PERSPECTIVE FACE POWER SOLIDARITY
— (a) “mujhe
nahiN cahiye
but you should
demand what is
yours”
(b) ‘mujhe
nahiN cahiye,
magar tohyi
gasyi panun
hakh mangun’
*]
Ihe constraints are arranged in columns following the hypothetical ranking.
The candidates are arranged in rows. Ihe stars indicate the constraint that a
given candidate violates. Ihe candidate violating the highest ranked constraint
is indicated by an exclamation point. As has been pointed out earlier, in this
particular linguistic utterance, two constraints are active, Power and Solidarity.
The monolingual candidate would comply with Solidarity but would violate
Power. The English code-switch, however, would act contrarily, complying
with Power, but violating Solidarity. Adopting an empirically-based, inductive
approach, it can be detected that out of the two candidates, the English code¬
switch has become the actual surface representation (indicated by a horizontal
arrow). As OT for the analysis of bilingual use relies on the notion of optimality,
it can be computed from the actual surface representation that the English
code-switch must be a more optimal candidate than the monolingual one. As
the candidates undergo a hierarchically arranged set of constraints filtering
optimality, the actual surface representation complying, in this particular
utterance, with the constraint of Power violating the constraint of Solidarity
indicates that the constraint of Power must outrank Solidarity. Therefore,
the empirically-based, inductive, computational approach reinforces the
hypothetical order of Power outranking Solidarity. Further examples have
been provided to show the relation of the other three constraints vis-a-vis one
another. Example [15] provides evidence of Faith outranking Power.
Example [15] — The interaction of FAITH and POWER
1 A “(...) The saat pheras (‘seven circumnavigations’) around the agni
2 (‘fire’) serves as a lakshman rekha (‘line one does not cross’)”.
(cited by Bhatt and Bolonyai)!*
183 Bhatt — Bolonyai, Ibid., 538
* 68 ¢