Oldal 32 [32]
CHAPTER 3 LITERATURE REVIEW
This three-fold categorization of Zentella’s® is the result of a thorough and
descriptive analysis, which is based primarily on the actual situational and
conversational analysis of the needs of the bilingual individual. Conversely, it
places less emphasis on the examination of code-switching as a community
specific act in the wider social context of bilingual communities.
Gardner-Chloros goes even further by claiming that as the motivations for
linguistic choices are multiple, no rigid correlation should be assumed between
external factors and the speakers’ motivation. Conversely, even though code¬
switching is an inherent part of a community’s linguistic repertoires, the
imaginative force of an individual’s repertoire might be more determinant
than the community norms“.
New CA APPROACHES
Although all followers of the CA model agree that all interpretation of code¬
switching instances should rely primarily on conversational local evidence
provided by the conversation analysis of speech, they differ on the extent to
which they regard code-switching to be interpretable also as a socially mean¬
ingful act reflecting social reality.
Stroud emphasizes that conversational code-switching is so intertwined
with social life that the interpretation of its meaning should rely on “an
understanding of social phenomena””. Therefore, he calls for an ethnographic
perspective which should be “wedded to a detailed analysis of conversational
microorienation and viewed against the background of a broad notion of
context". As such, he emphasizes the need to reconcile the macro- and micro¬
analytical methods for understanding the meaning of code-switching.
Wei also claims that the meaning of code-switching has to be interpreted in
the broader social context®*. However, he points out that the task of the analyst
is to demonstrate how the social meaning is constructed in the interactional
process rather than assuming that “in any given conversation, speakers switch
languages in order to ‘index’ speaker identity, attitudes, power relations,
formality, etc.”°°. That is the answer to why the “broad why questions” always
have to rely on the analysis of how meaning is locally constructed®.
59 Zentella, Ibid.
60 Gardner-Chloros, Language Selection and Switching in Strasbourg, 178
6 Gardner-Chloros, Ibid., 47
62 Stroud, Perspectives on cultural variability of discourse and some implications for code¬
switching, 322
6 Stroud, Ibid., 323
64 Wei, The ‘why’ and ‘how’ questions in the analysis of conversational code-switching, 156-176
65 Wei, Ibid., 163
66 Wei, Ibid., 163
* 30°