Oldal 28 [28]
CHAPTER 3 LITERATURE REVIEW
model is that the act of code-switching is universally meaningful, yet its
sociocultural concept varies in different speech communities. By integrating
the socioculturally determined linguistic choices of the speakers of a given
community into a normative framework posited on the universal dichotomy
of marked and unmarked linguistic choices, the Markedness Model has
successfully moved away from the static, socio-cultural-political normative
models into the direction of a more dynamic, yet universally normative
community framework of code-switching.
The model premises that there are four factors determining the dynamic
variability of linguistic choices, — the relative prominence or salience of
factors, the salience of one factor across interactions in a given community,
the relative salience of one factor compared to that of another and the
negotiation of the salience of situational factors — which act as guidelines.
Their actual realization, however, should be subject to profound sociocultural
research ina given community. The four factors, therefore, create a theoretical,
normative and universal framework that can be flexibly adapted to the specific
characteristics of a given speech community.
The Markedness Model has attempted to unify the subjective reality, the
intentions of the individual speaker; the cognitive aspect, with the markedness
metric claimed to be an innate cognitive faculty; and the social reality, through
its community specific set of rights and obligations, of code-switching into a
normative but dynamically variable framework. However, the subjective aspect
of code-switching, the choice of the individual as a social actor to exploit their
linguistic repertoire in order to make intentional utterances in line with their
personal motivations, is the least elaborated in the model.
THE CONVERSATION ANALYTICAL (CA) FRAMEWORK
In line with the constructivist, phenomenology-based interpretation of the
interaction between language and social reality, Auer claims that the analysis
of code-switching should focus on its actual conversational instance specific
characteristics rather than on extra-interactional factors determined by
the wider social context“. As the extra-interactional rules and regulations
of code-switching are open to the subjective interpretation of the analyst,
the main focus should be on the sequential turn-by-turn discourse-oriented
conversational analysis of language alternation. The main purpose of
®” Auer, Bilingual Conversation; Auer, A conversation analytic approach to code-switching and
transfer, 187-213; Auer, Introduction, 1-24
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