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TABLE OF CONTENTS Optimality 1heory in analyzing bilingual use: A socio-cognitive model of code-switching ..................... 43 The principles of Optimality Theory in analyzing bilingual use.......... 45 The interaction of constraints: Two community specific instantiations of the universal bilingual grammar (Kashmiri-Hindi-English and Hungarian-English) 66 Optimal bilingual grammar: Kashmiri-Hindi-English code-switching .. . . 66 Optimal bilingual grammar: Hungarian-English code-switching ....... 73 CHAPTER 5 BACKGROUND INFORMATION ON HUNGARIAN-AMERICAN IMMIGRANT COMMUNITIES ...................................... 79 Introduction ....................................... 79 Sociolinguistic research on Hungarian-American immigrant communities . . . . 80 Hungarian-American immigrant communities: À history of bilingual contact . . 84 Hungarian-American immigrant communities: Structural position within the larger socio-historical context ............................ 85 Hungarian-American immigrant communities: Language use patterns ...... 88 The Hungarian-American community in North Carolina: Sociolinguistic background ............................. 92 The NC Hungarian Club............................,... 110 CHAPTER 6 METHOD.............4.4.44444 44e 113 Data collection ..................................... 113 Analysis ......................................... 117 Participants .................................,..... 119 Convention of typography, transcription, andtranslations ............ 121 CHAPTER 7 FINDINGS ........................................ 123 Introduction ...................................... 123 The NC Hungarian Club............................,... 124 Sociolinguistic characteristics of the NC Hungarian Club ........... 125 Interpersonal language use ............................. 128 Functional language use. .............................. 131 Attitudes to the act of code-switching ....................... 133 * 10 +
