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164 Olli Kleemola onto the front covers (for example Die Wehrmacht, no. 23, 1941: cover; Berliner Illustrierte Zeitung, no. 39, 1941: Flug zur Front; Ilustrierter Beobachter, no. 5, 1942: Sie haun den Teufel aus der Hölle). Similar photos were also printed on German propaganda leaflets intended to convince enemy soldiers to surrender (Buchbender 1978: 72-75). It seems that in Germany, photos of surrendering enemies and masses of enemies being transported were consistently used to imply victory, even though this victory had not been achieved in reality. Historian Christoph Hamann, who has studied the use of photos showing prisoners of war in German propaganda, states that old prejudices had created an image of the enemy as “Asian masses” ready to occupy Germany (2003: 18; for the role of “hordes” or “masses” in Finnish enemy images, see also Halmesvirta, this volume). Hamann further states that photos of large numbers of Soviet POWs were deliberately used to visualise the German triumph over these masses, especially at the beginning of the war (Ibid.). This is supported by the fact that in speeches given at this secret ministerial conference, Goebbels instructed the national press to highlight the large number of Soviet prisoners taken by the Germans (Boelcke 1989: 192). In Finland, propaganda troops were given a general instruction at the beginning of the war to photograph “themes that would prove the cruelty and the big losses of the enemy” (Major Gunnar Waselius’s travel report from Germany 1942). Pictures of surrendering enemies and crowds of captives can no doubt be seen as containing such themes, but unlike in Germany, these pictures were not used systematically. Both the German and Finnish archives also contain quite a few photos that show the good care being given to Red Army soldiers, as well as photos of Soviet soldiers and officers enjoying their stay in Finnish or German POW camps.’ Figures 64!° and 65!! show two Finnish photos as examples. In Figure 64, a wounded prisoner of war is lying on a bed while a nurse adjusts his bandages, and a man wearing a light Finnish army coat and a white cloak stands next to the nurse. There are several elements showing that conditions in the prison hospital are much more pleasant than those in the Red Army. In Germany, photos of a similar style do exist (for example picture B15310 in the Bundesarchiv, collection Bild 183). The captions of the German photographs, however, often report that Soviet/Russian medical personnel are caring for the prisoners. This is because instructions given at the beginning of the attack on the Soviet Union stated that only captured Soviet medical personnel, bandages and > Among the pictures in the Finnish wartime photo archive that show what good care was being taken of the prisoners, a total of three subcategories can be found: pictures of wounded prisoners who are being cared for, pictures of spare-time activities and pictures of happy prisoners. Because of the central role the comparative viewpoint plays in this chapter, I concentrate here only on the first category, because the latter types are practically missing in the German archives. 10 Original caption: Venäläistä vankia sidotaan Ilomantsin kenttäsairaalassa. " Original caption: Sotavankeja aterialla erddssé maatalossa. Ateria ja asema sama kuin rengeilla.
