Oldal 382 [382]
GÁBOR HALMAI
"Every child shall have the right to the protection and care necessary for his or her
proper physical, mental and moral development. Hungary protects children’s right to
the gender identity they were born with and ensures their upbringing based on our
national self-identification and Christian culture.”
Another observation of Fukuyama is that given the importance of strong state
action to slow the pandemic, it will be hard to argue against a stronger state
involvement during a national emergency. Also, according to Ivan Krastev and
Mark Leonard the virus rather strengthened than weakened national sovereignty.**
Similarly, a report of Carnegie Europe asserts that most governments have assumed
executive powers considered to be broadly necessary to contain the health crisis,
and it remains uncertain whether these will entail long-term restrictions on
democratic rights and human dignity.** Measures implemented to prevent or slow
the spread of the virus have a disproportionately negative impact on vulnarable
catagories of people, not only migrants, refugees, but also ethnic minorities, the
elderly, prisoners, those with phisical or mental disabilities. Ivan Krastev calls
it one of the Corona-paradoxes that when people realize the threat to dignity
and fundamental rights they are rather inclined to reject authoritarian rule.’
Because one common understanding, has been that the ’rights versus public
health’ paradigm is fundamentally flawed: rights-respecting measures which
secure public confidence are “more likely to be more effective and sustainable
over time than arbitrary or repressive ones”.?”
The COVID-19 pandemic further complicated the answer to the question,
what is the state of the human dignity-based ‘civilisation’, which according to
32 See Gábor Halmai, Gábor Mészáros, Kim Lane Scheppele, So It Goes, Part II, Verfassungs¬
blog (20 November 2020), https://verfassungsblog.de/so-it-goes-part-ii/.
33 Ivan Krastev, Mark Leonard, Europe’s pandemic politics: How the virus has changed the
public’s worldview, ECFR (20 June 2020), https://ecfr.eu/publication/europes_pandemic_
politics_how_the_virus_has_changed_the_publics_worldview/.
34 Richard Youngs, How the Coronavirus Tests European Democracy, Carnegie Europe
(23 June 2020), https://carnegieeurope.eu/2020/06/23/how-coronavirus-tests-european¬
democracy-pub-82109.
% Joelle Grogen, States of Emergency, Verfassungsblog (26 May 2020), https://verfassungsblog.
de/states-of-emergency/.
36 Ivan Krastev, Sieben Corona-Paradoxien — es ist nicht leicht zu begreifen, was das Virus
mit unserer Welt gemacht hat, während wir in unserem Zuhause festsassen, Neue Zürcher
Zeitung (16 June. 2020), https://www.nzz.ch/meinung/sieben-corona-paradoxien-was-das¬
virus-mit-uns-gemacht-hat-ld.1557102?reduced=true.
3” Alice Donald — Philip Leach, Human Rights — The Essential Frame of Reference in the
Global Response, Verfassungsblog (12 May 2020), https://verfassungsblog.de/human-rights¬
the-essential-frame-of-reference-in-the-global-response-to-covid-19/.
s 380 "