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FERENC ÍRK forms of exploitation, which belong to the category of normality at present, needs to be changed. As a conseguence, the scope of potential victims may be expected to expand inevitably. Making their helpless situation visible may give more emphasis to their role. Ihe ethical and legal norms can reinforce each other so there is more hope for the fulfilment of the demand that Károly Bárd emphasises in his academic dissertation? about the obligations of the state, namely that the victims “have the right concerning the crimes committed against them to be persecuted by the state”. The reduction of the role of present-day multinational business activities that in the short term focus on extra profit only can be achieved by having the values declared in the European Union prevail. The following conditions have to be fulfilled to achieve that: — It should not be possible for the main economic and political actors in the states to regard the exploitation of labour as part of normality but these acts should belong to the category of prohibited deviances both form a moral and a legal point of view. — The morally upheld legal norms should be kept. — It should be possible to enforce the compliance with the norms if need be through regular inspections at all the main points of the chains consisting of points for the production, transport and sale of products. — It should be possible to enforce these principles. The initial steps aimed at the elimination of the exploitation of labour can already be seen in some European countries. These suggest that neither those who sell the end product nor the consumers will be able to avoid the responsibility much longer for the malfunctioning system. For this to happen it has to become clear that the victims of this faulty system who are still silent secure others’ wealth and well-being. This condition is, however, morally unacceptable. At the same time, we must be aware of the fact that “giving voice to the victim only means — and the merits of the victimology movement cannot be denied in this respect - that abstract legal order, the abstract ethical order is infringed indirectly but through very concrete individual pain and suffering.” ** 33 Bard, Karoly, The dignity of the victims and the rights of the defendants — comparative legal study [Az áldozatok méltósága és a vádlottak jogai — összehasonlító jogi tanulmány], Doctoral thesis, Budapest, Magyar Tudományos Akadémia, 2020, 144. 34 Bard, The dignity of the victim, 186. + 29% +
