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FERENC ÍRK as well." In the report of the Group of Experts on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings (GRETA)" for example, we can read the following: “85. GRETA’s country-by-country reports show that in many States Parties, trafficking for the purpose of sexual exploitation is the predominant form of trafficking as far as identified victims are concerned. At the same time, trafficking for the purpose of labour exploitation has been on the rise and was the predominant form of exploitation in some countries (e.g. Belgium, Cyprus, Georgia, Portugal, Serbia, United Kingdom). While there are considerable variations in the number and proportion of labour trafficking victims amongst the evaluated countries, all countries indicated an upward trend of labour exploitation over the years." The European Parliament summarized the different forms of modern-day slavery in a 70-page study in December 2018." At the same time, an 80-page volume was published to address the risk of modern-day slavery in the private sector with the support of several private institutions." It was only in the middle of the second decade of the 21st century that the leading politicians of the European Union started to realize the seriousness of the widespread practice of the exploitation of labour in the countries of the European Union. They also managed to conclude that it is not enough to condemn exploitation through declarations in legal formulas but something has to be done. So, for example in 2019 Gerd Miiller, the minister of development of Germany put it in this way: “Hourly wages of a few cents, life-threatening working conditions, this is not sustainable. In other words, it cannot go on like that.” See, for example: Daniel Mennig, Ausbeutung im Gewächshaus. Gemüse aus Spanien: Hungerlöhne für Pflücker, SRF (3 July 2018), https://www.srf.ch/news/panorama/ ausbeutung-im-gewaechshaus-gemuese-aus-spanien-hungerloehne-fuer-pfluecker; DW, Ausbeutung von Arbeitsmigranten angeprangert, DW (05 December 2018), https:// www.dw.com/de/ausbeutung-von-arbeitsmigranten-angeprangert/a-46594133; Bozzay, Baläzs: Romän nök ezreit eröszakoltäk meg &s kenyszeritettek munkära Sziciliäban, Index.hu (30 December 2019), https://index.hu/kulfold/2019/12/30/emberkereskedelem_ kenyszermunka_nemi_eroszak_kizsakmanyolas_olaszorszag_roman_ferfi/ For more detail, see G RE T A Group of Experts on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings. Council of Europe:7th GENERAL REPORT ON GRETA’S ACTIVITIES covering the period from 1 January to 31 December 2017 https://rm.coe.int/greta-2018-1-7gren/16807af20e. 2 GRETA Report 39. Silvia Scarpa, Contemporary Forms of Slaver, Brussels, European Parliament, Policy Department for External Relations, PE 603.470, 2018. IFC, Managing Risks Associated with Modern Slavery, A Good Practice Note for the Private Sector, London, Ergon Associates — Ethical Trading Initiative, 2018. See further: Bundesministerium fiir wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung, Der Grüne Knopf - Fragen und Antworten, 19 September 2019. https://www.flachsbarth. info/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/190909_DerGrueneKnopf_FAQ.pdf. + 290 +
